Phophet Muhammad ﷺ said : "The best among you are those who learn the Qur’an and teach it to others." (Bukhari)
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1. What is the Islam
1. Islam is the Only True Religion Accepted by Allah.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ
“Indeed, the religion in the sight of Allah is Islam.”
(Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:19)
This verse clearly affirms that Islam is the only religion approved by Allah. All other belief systems are man-made or altered over time. Islam, as revealed to all prophets, has always been the one true path.
2. No Religion Other than Islam Will Be Accepted.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي ٱلْآخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلْخَـٰسِرِينَ
“And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers.”
(Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:85)
This verse shows that after the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, no other religion is valid. Islam is now the final and complete path to salvation.
3. Islam is the Same Message Given to All Prophets.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
شَرَعَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ
“He has ordained for you the same religion which He enjoined upon Noah, and that which We have revealed to you, and what We enjoined upon Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.”
(Surah Ash-Shura, 42:13)
This verse confirms that the core message of Islam—belief in One God and righteous living—was given to all prophets. Islam is not a new religion, but the continuation and perfection of the same divine message.
4. The Five Pillars of Islam Define the Religion Practically.
Evidence from Hadith (Sahih Muslim):
الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمداً رسول الله، وتقيم الصلاة، وتؤتي الزكاة، وتصوم رمضان، وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلاً
“Islam is to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to give Zakah, to fast during Ramadan, and to perform Hajj if able.”
(Hadith of Jibreel – Sahih Muslim)
This Hadith defines Islam by its five essential pillars. These are the acts of worship and duties every Muslim must observe as outward signs of faith and obedience.
5. The Purpose of Islam is to Perfect Moral Character.
Evidence from Hadith (Musnad Ahmad):
إنما بُعثت لأتمم مكارم الأخلاق
“I have been sent only to perfect noble character.”
(Musnad Ahmad)
This Hadith highlights that Islam is not just about rituals and beliefs; it also aims to reform personal behavior and establish a society built on ethical conduct and compassion.
Summary in Points with Arabic Evidences:
📜 قائمة الأدلة عن الإسلام:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ
📚 سورة آل عمران: ١٩وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ
📚 سورة آل عمران: ٨٥شَرَعَ لَكُم مِّنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ
📚 سورة الشورى: ١٣الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وتقيم الصلاة، وتؤتي الزكاة، وتصوم رمضان، وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلًا
📚 صحيح مسلمإنما بُعثت لأتمم مكارم الأخلاق
📚 مسند أحمد
1. What is the Islam
1. Islam is the Only True Religion Accepted by Allah.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ
“Indeed, the religion in the sight of Allah is Islam.”
(Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:19)
This verse clearly affirms that Islam is the only religion approved by Allah. All other belief systems are man-made or altered over time. Islam, as revealed to all prophets, has always been the one true path.
2. No Religion Other than Islam Will Be Accepted.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي ٱلْآخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلْخَـٰسِرِينَ
“And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers.”
(Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:85)
This verse shows that after the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, no other religion is valid. Islam is now the final and complete path to salvation.
3. Islam is the Same Message Given to All Prophets.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
شَرَعَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ
“He has ordained for you the same religion which He enjoined upon Noah, and that which We have revealed to you, and what We enjoined upon Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.”
(Surah Ash-Shura, 42:13)
This verse confirms that the core message of Islam—belief in One God and righteous living—was given to all prophets. Islam is not a new religion, but the continuation and perfection of the same divine message.
4. The Five Pillars of Islam Define the Religion Practically.
Evidence from Hadith (Sahih Muslim):
الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمداً رسول الله، وتقيم الصلاة، وتؤتي الزكاة، وتصوم رمضان، وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلاً
“Islam is to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to give Zakah, to fast during Ramadan, and to perform Hajj if able.”
(Hadith of Jibreel – Sahih Muslim)
This Hadith defines Islam by its five essential pillars. These are the acts of worship and duties every Muslim must observe as outward signs of faith and obedience.
5. The Purpose of Islam is to Perfect Moral Character.
Evidence from Hadith (Musnad Ahmad):
إنما بُعثت لأتمم مكارم الأخلاق
“I have been sent only to perfect noble character.”
(Musnad Ahmad)
This Hadith highlights that Islam is not just about rituals and beliefs; it also aims to reform personal behavior and establish a society built on ethical conduct and compassion.
Summary in Points with Arabic Evidences:
📜 قائمة الأدلة عن الإسلام:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ
📚 سورة آل عمران: ١٩وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ
📚 سورة آل عمران: ٨٥شَرَعَ لَكُم مِّنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ
📚 سورة الشورى: ١٣الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وتقيم الصلاة، وتؤتي الزكاة، وتصوم رمضان، وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلًا
📚 صحيح مسلمإنما بُعثت لأتمم مكارم الأخلاق
📚 مسند أحمد
2. Islam as a Complete Way of Life
Islam as a Complete Way of Life — In the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah
Introduction
Islam is not merely a religion of rituals or worship limited to the mosque — it is a complete and comprehensive system of life that governs every aspect of human existence: spiritual, moral, social, economic, political, legal, and personal. It provides guidance for individuals and societies alike, rooted in the Qur’an (the final revelation) and the Sunnah (the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ’s teachings and practices).
This all-encompassing nature of Islam makes it a Deen (دِين) — a divine system of living — rather than just a set of religious beliefs.
1. Islam’s Comprehensiveness in the Qur’an
The Qur’an clearly affirms that Islam provides guidance in all aspects of life:
الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا
“This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as your religion.”
— Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:3)
This verse signifies that no part of human life is outside the scope of Islamic guidance.
وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ
“And We have sent down to you the Book as clarification for all things…”
— Surah An-Nahl (16:89)
The Qur’an provides a foundation for beliefs, acts of worship, ethics, justice, family life, governance, economics, and international relations.
2. The Sunnah as Practical Implementation
The Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ serves as the living explanation of the Qur’an. His life is the model for every Muslim.
لَّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ
“Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example…”
— Surah Al-Ahzab (33:21)
His Sunnah covers all aspects of life: worship, family, leadership, commerce, war and peace, personal habits, and moral behavior.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ أَمْرَيْنِ لَنْ تَضِلُّوا مَا تَمَسَّكْتُمْ بِهِمَا: كِتَابَ اللهِ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ
“I have left among you two matters; you will never go astray as long as you hold fast to them: the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet.”
— Muwatta’ Imam Malik
3. Islam as a Spiritual and Moral Code
Islam emphasizes a direct relationship with Allah through acts of worship (Ibadat):
Faith (Iman)
Prayer (Salah)
Fasting (Sawm)
Charity (Zakah)
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
It also instills a comprehensive ethical code, including:
Truthfulness, honesty, humility
Respect for parents and elders
Justice and mercy
Avoiding pride, envy, greed
إِنَّ اللّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالإِحْسَانِ
“Indeed, Allah commands justice and excellence…”
— Surah An-Nahl (16:90)
4. Islam and Social Life
Islam lays strong foundations for family life, community relations, and human rights:
Marriage and parental responsibilities
Rights of neighbors, the poor, and the elderly
Equality and brotherhood of humanity
Prohibition of racism and tribalism
إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ
“Indeed, the believers are but brothers.”
— Surah Al-Hujurat (49:10)
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari & Muslim
5. Islam and Economic Principles
Islam has a unique economic system based on justice, fairness, and prohibition of exploitation:
Prohibition of Riba (usury)
Encouragement of trade and entrepreneurship
Zakah and Sadaqah to uplift the poor
Fair dealings, transparency in business
وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا
“Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury.”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:275)
6. Islam in Politics and Governance
Islam offers guidance for justice in leadership, accountability, consultation (Shura), and rights of citizens. The Prophet ﷺ established a state based on rule of law, mutual responsibility, and moral governance in Madinah.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا…
“Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice…”
— Surah An-Nisa (4:58)
7. Islam and Personal Development
Islam nurtures personal growth and inner discipline through:
Self-purification (Tazkiyah)
Knowledge-seeking (Ilm)
Time management and productivity
Balance between Dunya (world) and Akhirah (Hereafter)
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّاهَا • وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّاهَا
“Successful is the one who purifies it [the soul], and ruined is the one who corrupts it.”
— Surah Ash-Shams (91:9-10)
Conclusion
Islam is not confined to the prayer mat or the masjid — it is a universal, practical, and complete system that integrates belief and action, faith and reason, individual and society. Its teachings, derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah, cover every field of life, offering the best framework for justice, peace, and human flourishing.
To truly follow Islam is to live it — in the home, workplace, market, government, and heart — under the ultimate sovereignty of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى).
وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حُكْمًا لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ
“And who is better than Allah in judgment for a people who have certainty?”
— Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:50)
3. Tawḥīd – Belief in the Oneness of Allah
Tawḥīd (توحيد) – Belief in the Oneness of Allah
Definition and Importance
Tawḥīd (توحيد) is the central doctrine of Islam and the foundation of a Muslim’s faith. Linguistically, it means “unification” or “to declare as one.” In Islamic theology, it refers to the absolute oneness, uniqueness, and exclusivity of Allah (God) in His essence, attributes, actions, and worship.
Tawḥīd is the first pillar of Islam, as encapsulated in the Shahadah (شهادة):
لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
Without Tawḥīd, no deed or worship is accepted in Islam. It is the line between belief and disbelief, and the essence of all prophetic messages.
Types of Tawḥīd
Islamic scholars traditionally classify Tawḥīd into three categories, all derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah:
1. Tawḥīd al-Rubūbiyyah (توحيد الربوبية)
Oneness of Allah’s Lordship
This means affirming that Allah alone is the Creator, Sustainer, Owner, and Controller of the universe.
اللَّهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ
“Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs.”
— Surah Az-Zumar (39:62)
Even the polytheists of Quraysh accepted this type of Tawḥīd, yet they were still declared disbelievers due to violating Tawḥīd in worship.
2. Tawḥīd al-Ulūhiyyah (توحيد الألوهية)
Oneness of Allah in Worship
This is to direct all forms of worship — such as prayer, supplication, fear, hope, trust, sacrifice — to Allah alone.
وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ
“And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion…”
— Surah Al-Bayyinah (98:5)
Associating partners with Allah in worship (shirk) is the greatest sin in Islam.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ
“Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating partners with Him…”
— Surah An-Nisa (4:48)
3. Tawḥīd al-Asmāʾ wa al-Ṣifāt (توحيد الأسماء والصفات)
Oneness of Allah’s Names and Attributes
This means affirming all of Allah’s Names and Attributes as mentioned in the Qur’an and Sunnah, without distortion (taḥrīf), denial (taʿṭīl), likening (tashbīh), or asking how (takyīf).
وَلِلَّهِ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ فَادْعُوهُ بِهَا
“And to Allah belong the best names, so call upon Him by them…”
— Surah Al-A‘rāf (7:180)
Examples include:
Al-Raḥmān (الرَّحْمٰن) – The Most Merciful
Al-‘Alīm (العليم) – The All-Knowing
Al-Ṣamād (الصَّمَد) – The Self-Sufficient
Tawḥīd in the Life and Mission of the Prophets
Every Prophet and Messenger came with the same core message: Tawḥīd.
وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ
“And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], ‘Worship Allah and avoid false deities.’”
— Surah An-Naḥl (16:36)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ spent 13 years in Makkah calling to pure monotheism before any legal rulings or rituals were introduced. His mission was to purify people’s beliefs and bring them back to the worship of the One True God.
Virtues of Tawḥīd
Leads to salvation and Paradise
“Whoever dies while knowing that there is no god but Allah will enter Paradise.”
— Sahih MuslimPurifies the soul from fear and reliance on others
True Tawḥīd frees the heart from servitude to creation.Foundation of all worship and good deeds
Without Tawḥīd, deeds are void.Protection from Hellfire
إِنَّهُ مَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ
“Indeed, he who associates others with Allah – Allah has forbidden Paradise for him.”
— Surah Al-Mā’idah (5:72)
Shirk – The Opposite of Tawḥīd
Shirk (polytheism) is the gravest violation of Tawḥīd and the greatest sin in Islam.
Major Shirk: Associating partners with Allah in worship – unforgivable if not repented.
Minor Shirk: Showing off (riya), swearing by other than Allah, etc.
فَلَا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَدًا
“So do not invoke anyone along with Allah.”
— Surah Al-Jinn (72:18)
Conclusion
Tawḥīd is the heartbeat of Islamic belief, the message of every Prophet, and the very reason for human existence. It defines our purpose: to worship Allah alone, love Him above all else, and submit wholly to His will.
وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ
“And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me.”
— Surah Adh-Dhāriyāt (51:56)
Understanding and living by Tawḥīd brings true peace, guidance, and eternal success.
4. Prophethood and Divine Revelation
📘 Prophethood and Divine Revelation in the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
1. Prophethood is a Divine Selection (النبوة اصطفاء إلهي)
Allah chooses His prophets from among human beings, not based on worldly status but on piety and purity.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ
“Allah chooses messengers from the angels and from the people.”
📚 Surah Al-Hajj: 75
This verse confirms that prophethood is not earned but is granted by Allah to whom He wills.
2. Purpose of Prophets: Guidance and Teaching
Prophets were sent to convey Allah’s message, guide mankind, teach the Book and wisdom, and purify souls.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ
“It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses, purifying them, and teaching them the Book and wisdom.”
📚 Surah Al-Jumu’ah: 2
3. Finality of Prophethood (خَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ)
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the last and final messenger; no new prophet will come after him.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن رَّسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ
“Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets.”
📚 Surah Al-Ahzab: 40
4. Revelation (الوحي) is the Means of Divine Communication
Wahy (Revelation) is how Allah conveys His commands to the prophets—either through inspiration, speech from behind a veil, or via Angel Jibril.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا
“It is not for a human being that Allah should speak to him except by revelation, or from behind a veil, or by sending a messenger.”
📚 Surah Ash-Shura: 51
5. The Qur’an is the Final Revelation
The Qur’an is the last and complete revelation, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, preserved and protected by Allah.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ
“Indeed, We have sent down the Reminder (Qur’an), and indeed, We will preserve it.”
📚 Surah Al-Hijr: 9
6. Sunnah Confirms and Clarifies Revelation
The Prophet ﷺ explained the revelation through his speech, actions, and approvals—this is the Sunnah.
📖 Evidence (Hadith):
أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ
“Be aware! I have been given the Qur’an and something like it along with it.”
📚 Sunan Abu Dawud
This hadith shows the authority of the Sunnah alongside the Qur’an in guiding the Ummah.
Summary of Key Evidences (دلائل):
اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ – Surah Al-Hajj: 75
هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ… – Surah Al-Jumu‘ah: 2
خَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ – Surah Al-Ahzab: 40
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا… – Surah Ash-Shura: 51
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ… – Surah Al-Hijr: 9
أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ – Hadith (Sunan Abu Dawud)
5. Five Pillars of Islam
🌟 The Five Pillars of Islam – In the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
1. Shahāda (شَهادَة) – Declaration of Faith
Meaning: To testify that:
“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad ﷺ is His Messenger.”
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Allah bears witness that there is no deity except Him, and [so do] the angels and those of knowledge – [that He is] maintaining [creation] in justice. There is no deity except Him, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.”
(Surah Aal-Imran 3:18)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Islam is built upon five (pillars): The testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger…”
(Bukhari, Hadith 8; Muslim, Hadith 16)
2. Salah (صَلاة) – Prayer
Meaning: Performing five daily prayers at specific times.
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Establish prayer, for prayer restrains from shameful and unjust deeds, and the remembrance of Allah is the greatest.”
(Surah Al-‘Ankabūt 29:45)
“Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.”
(Surah An-Nisā’ 4:103)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“The first thing for which a person will be brought to account on the Day of Resurrection will be his Salah.”
(Tirmidhi, Hadith 413)
3. Zakah (زَكاة) – Almsgiving
Meaning: Giving 2.5% of one’s wealth annually to the poor and needy.
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Establish prayer and give Zakah and obey the Messenger – that you may receive mercy.”
(Surah An-Nur 24:56)
“Take, [O Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase.”
(Surah At-Tawbah 9:103)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever is made wealthy by Allah and does not pay the Zakah of his wealth, then on the Day of Resurrection his wealth will be made like a bald-headed poisonous male snake…”
(Bukhari, Hadith 1403)
4. Sawm (صَوْم) – Fasting in Ramadan
Meaning: Abstaining from food, drink, and sinful actions from dawn till sunset during Ramadan.
Qur’anic Evidence:
“O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become righteous.”
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:183)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever fasts the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith and hoping for reward, all his previous sins will be forgiven.”
(Bukhari, Hadith 38)
5. Hajj (حَجّ) – Pilgrimage to Makkah
Meaning: Visiting the Ka‘bah in Makkah and performing rituals of Hajj once in a lifetime (if financially and physically able).
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to Allah by all who can make their way to it.”
(Surah Aal-Imran 3:97)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever performs Hajj and does not commit any obscenity or wrongdoing will come out as the day he was born – pure from sins.”
(Bukhari, Hadith 1521; Muslim, Hadith 1350)
🌙 Conclusion
The Five Pillars serve as the practical framework of a Muslim’s life and identity, rooted in clear teachings from the Qur’an and Sunnah. They encompass belief, worship, charity, discipline, and unity, shaping the spiritual and social lives of Muslims
6. Accountability and the Afterlife
5. Accountability and the Afterlife (یومِ حساب اور آخرت کا تصور)
🔶 Introduction
One of the most profound elements of Islamic belief is the conviction in accountability before Allah and the certainty of the Afterlife (الآخرة). This belief influences every Muslim’s moral compass and behavior, establishing the understanding that this worldly life is temporary and a test, and that every soul will be judged for its actions.
﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ ذَآئِقَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ ۖ وَإِنَّمَا تُوَفَّوْنَ أُجُورَكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ﴾
“Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your full compensation on the Day of Resurrection.”
— (Surah Āli ʿImrān 3:185)
🔶 Belief in the Afterlife: A Core Tenet of Faith
Belief in al-Ākhirah (the Hereafter) is among the six pillars of Īmān (faith) in Islam. A Muslim believes in:
Life after death
The resurrection (البعث)
The Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)
The weighing of deeds (الميزان)
The Sirāt (bridge over Hellfire)
Paradise (الجنة) and Hell (النار)
قال النبي ﷺ: “الإيمان أن تؤمن بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر، وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره.”
“Iman is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and in destiny—its good and bad.”
— (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: 8)
🔶 Accountability: Every Deed Will Be Judged
Islam teaches that human beings are responsible for their actions and will be judged accordingly. Nothing escapes Allah’s knowledge—whether done openly or in secret.
﴿فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًۭا يَرَهُۥ • وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ شَرًّۭا يَرَهُۥ﴾
“So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it.”
— (Surah al-Zalzalah 99:7–8)
﴿وَنَضَعُ ٱلْمَوَٰزِينَ ٱلْقِسْطَ لِيَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ فَلَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌۭ شَيْـًۭٔا﴾
“And We will set up the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be wronged in the least…”
— (Surah al-Anbiyāʾ 21:47)
The angels Kirāmān Kātibīn record every word and action:
﴿مَّا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ﴾
“Not a word does he utter except that with him is an observer ready [to record].”
— (Surah Qāf 50:18)
🔶 The Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)
This is the decisive day when all of creation will be gathered before Allah:
People will be raised from the graves.
Their books of deeds will be handed to them.
Witnesses will be brought forth: the angels, the earth, and even limbs.
﴿يَوْمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ وَأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ﴾
“The Day their tongues, their hands, and their feet will bear witness against them as to what they used to do.”
— (Surah al-Nūr 24:24)
🔶 Paradise and Hell: The Eternal Abodes
After judgment, every soul will be led to its eternal fate:
Paradise (Jannah) is a place of eternal bliss, peace, and nearness to Allah, for those who believed and did righteous deeds.
﴿جَزَآؤُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ جَنَّٰتُ عَدۡنٍۢ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدًۭا﴾
“Their reward with their Lord is gardens of perpetual residence beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever.”
— (Surah al-Bayyinah 98:8)
Hellfire (Jahannam) is the abode of punishment for those who disbelieved and rejected the truth.
﴿وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱلنَّارَ ٱلَّتِىٓ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَـٰفِرِينَ﴾
“And fear the Fire which has been prepared for the disbelievers.”
— (Surah Āli ʿImrān 3:131)
🔶 Practical Impact of This Belief
Belief in accountability:
Inspires ethical behavior and honesty even in private.
Discourages sin due to fear of divine justice.
Motivates repentance and spiritual growth.
Encourages patience in hardship and gratitude in prosperity, knowing this world is a test.
قال النبي ﷺ: “الكَيِّسُ مَن دانَ نَفْسَهُ، وعَمِلَ لِما بَعْدَ المَوْتِ.”
“The wise person is the one who holds himself accountable and works for what comes after death.”
— (Tirmidhī: 2459)
🔶 Conclusion
The Islamic belief in accountability and the afterlife gives meaning and direction to human life. It ensures that no deed—good or evil—goes unnoticed or unjudged. This belief cultivates God-consciousness (taqwā), personal responsibility, and a firm hope in Allah’s justice and mercy.
Would you like this formatted into a PDF or printable handout? Or shall I proceed to another article, such as “Belief in Angels” or “Belief in Divine Books”?
2. Islam as a Complete Way of Life
Islam as a Complete Way of Life — In the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah
Introduction
Islam is not merely a religion of rituals or worship limited to the mosque — it is a complete and comprehensive system of life that governs every aspect of human existence: spiritual, moral, social, economic, political, legal, and personal. It provides guidance for individuals and societies alike, rooted in the Qur’an (the final revelation) and the Sunnah (the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ’s teachings and practices).
This all-encompassing nature of Islam makes it a Deen (دِين) — a divine system of living — rather than just a set of religious beliefs.
1. Islam’s Comprehensiveness in the Qur’an
The Qur’an clearly affirms that Islam provides guidance in all aspects of life:
الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا
“This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as your religion.”
— Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:3)
This verse signifies that no part of human life is outside the scope of Islamic guidance.
وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ
“And We have sent down to you the Book as clarification for all things…”
— Surah An-Nahl (16:89)
The Qur’an provides a foundation for beliefs, acts of worship, ethics, justice, family life, governance, economics, and international relations.
2. The Sunnah as Practical Implementation
The Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ serves as the living explanation of the Qur’an. His life is the model for every Muslim.
لَّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ
“Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example…”
— Surah Al-Ahzab (33:21)
His Sunnah covers all aspects of life: worship, family, leadership, commerce, war and peace, personal habits, and moral behavior.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ أَمْرَيْنِ لَنْ تَضِلُّوا مَا تَمَسَّكْتُمْ بِهِمَا: كِتَابَ اللهِ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ
“I have left among you two matters; you will never go astray as long as you hold fast to them: the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet.”
— Muwatta’ Imam Malik
3. Islam as a Spiritual and Moral Code
Islam emphasizes a direct relationship with Allah through acts of worship (Ibadat):
Faith (Iman)
Prayer (Salah)
Fasting (Sawm)
Charity (Zakah)
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
It also instills a comprehensive ethical code, including:
Truthfulness, honesty, humility
Respect for parents and elders
Justice and mercy
Avoiding pride, envy, greed
إِنَّ اللّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالإِحْسَانِ
“Indeed, Allah commands justice and excellence…”
— Surah An-Nahl (16:90)
4. Islam and Social Life
Islam lays strong foundations for family life, community relations, and human rights:
Marriage and parental responsibilities
Rights of neighbors, the poor, and the elderly
Equality and brotherhood of humanity
Prohibition of racism and tribalism
إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ
“Indeed, the believers are but brothers.”
— Surah Al-Hujurat (49:10)
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari & Muslim
5. Islam and Economic Principles
Islam has a unique economic system based on justice, fairness, and prohibition of exploitation:
Prohibition of Riba (usury)
Encouragement of trade and entrepreneurship
Zakah and Sadaqah to uplift the poor
Fair dealings, transparency in business
وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا
“Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury.”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:275)
6. Islam in Politics and Governance
Islam offers guidance for justice in leadership, accountability, consultation (Shura), and rights of citizens. The Prophet ﷺ established a state based on rule of law, mutual responsibility, and moral governance in Madinah.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا…
“Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice…”
— Surah An-Nisa (4:58)
7. Islam and Personal Development
Islam nurtures personal growth and inner discipline through:
Self-purification (Tazkiyah)
Knowledge-seeking (Ilm)
Time management and productivity
Balance between Dunya (world) and Akhirah (Hereafter)
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّاهَا • وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّاهَا
“Successful is the one who purifies it [the soul], and ruined is the one who corrupts it.”
— Surah Ash-Shams (91:9-10)
Conclusion
Islam is not confined to the prayer mat or the masjid — it is a universal, practical, and complete system that integrates belief and action, faith and reason, individual and society. Its teachings, derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah, cover every field of life, offering the best framework for justice, peace, and human flourishing.
To truly follow Islam is to live it — in the home, workplace, market, government, and heart — under the ultimate sovereignty of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى).
وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حُكْمًا لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ
“And who is better than Allah in judgment for a people who have certainty?”
— Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:50)
3. Tawḥīd – Belief in the Oneness of Allah
Tawḥīd (توحيد) – Belief in the Oneness of Allah
Definition and Importance
Tawḥīd (توحيد) is the central doctrine of Islam and the foundation of a Muslim’s faith. Linguistically, it means “unification” or “to declare as one.” In Islamic theology, it refers to the absolute oneness, uniqueness, and exclusivity of Allah (God) in His essence, attributes, actions, and worship.
Tawḥīd is the first pillar of Islam, as encapsulated in the Shahadah (شهادة):
لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
Without Tawḥīd, no deed or worship is accepted in Islam. It is the line between belief and disbelief, and the essence of all prophetic messages.
Types of Tawḥīd
Islamic scholars traditionally classify Tawḥīd into three categories, all derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah:
1. Tawḥīd al-Rubūbiyyah (توحيد الربوبية)
Oneness of Allah’s Lordship
This means affirming that Allah alone is the Creator, Sustainer, Owner, and Controller of the universe.
اللَّهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ
“Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs.”
— Surah Az-Zumar (39:62)
Even the polytheists of Quraysh accepted this type of Tawḥīd, yet they were still declared disbelievers due to violating Tawḥīd in worship.
2. Tawḥīd al-Ulūhiyyah (توحيد الألوهية)
Oneness of Allah in Worship
This is to direct all forms of worship — such as prayer, supplication, fear, hope, trust, sacrifice — to Allah alone.
وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ
“And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion…”
— Surah Al-Bayyinah (98:5)
Associating partners with Allah in worship (shirk) is the greatest sin in Islam.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ
“Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating partners with Him…”
— Surah An-Nisa (4:48)
3. Tawḥīd al-Asmāʾ wa al-Ṣifāt (توحيد الأسماء والصفات)
Oneness of Allah’s Names and Attributes
This means affirming all of Allah’s Names and Attributes as mentioned in the Qur’an and Sunnah, without distortion (taḥrīf), denial (taʿṭīl), likening (tashbīh), or asking how (takyīf).
وَلِلَّهِ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ فَادْعُوهُ بِهَا
“And to Allah belong the best names, so call upon Him by them…”
— Surah Al-A‘rāf (7:180)
Examples include:
Al-Raḥmān (الرَّحْمٰن) – The Most Merciful
Al-‘Alīm (العليم) – The All-Knowing
Al-Ṣamād (الصَّمَد) – The Self-Sufficient
Tawḥīd in the Life and Mission of the Prophets
Every Prophet and Messenger came with the same core message: Tawḥīd.
وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ
“And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], ‘Worship Allah and avoid false deities.’”
— Surah An-Naḥl (16:36)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ spent 13 years in Makkah calling to pure monotheism before any legal rulings or rituals were introduced. His mission was to purify people’s beliefs and bring them back to the worship of the One True God.
Virtues of Tawḥīd
Leads to salvation and Paradise
“Whoever dies while knowing that there is no god but Allah will enter Paradise.”
— Sahih MuslimPurifies the soul from fear and reliance on others
True Tawḥīd frees the heart from servitude to creation.Foundation of all worship and good deeds
Without Tawḥīd, deeds are void.Protection from Hellfire
إِنَّهُ مَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ
“Indeed, he who associates others with Allah – Allah has forbidden Paradise for him.”
— Surah Al-Mā’idah (5:72)
Shirk – The Opposite of Tawḥīd
Shirk (polytheism) is the gravest violation of Tawḥīd and the greatest sin in Islam.
Major Shirk: Associating partners with Allah in worship – unforgivable if not repented.
Minor Shirk: Showing off (riya), swearing by other than Allah, etc.
فَلَا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَدًا
“So do not invoke anyone along with Allah.”
— Surah Al-Jinn (72:18)
Conclusion
Tawḥīd is the heartbeat of Islamic belief, the message of every Prophet, and the very reason for human existence. It defines our purpose: to worship Allah alone, love Him above all else, and submit wholly to His will.
وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ
“And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me.”
— Surah Adh-Dhāriyāt (51:56)
Understanding and living by Tawḥīd brings true peace, guidance, and eternal success.
4. Prophethood and Divine Revelation
📘 Prophethood and Divine Revelation in the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
1. Prophethood is a Divine Selection (النبوة اصطفاء إلهي)
Allah chooses His prophets from among human beings, not based on worldly status but on piety and purity.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ
“Allah chooses messengers from the angels and from the people.”
📚 Surah Al-Hajj: 75
This verse confirms that prophethood is not earned but is granted by Allah to whom He wills.
2. Purpose of Prophets: Guidance and Teaching
Prophets were sent to convey Allah’s message, guide mankind, teach the Book and wisdom, and purify souls.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ
“It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses, purifying them, and teaching them the Book and wisdom.”
📚 Surah Al-Jumu’ah: 2
3. Finality of Prophethood (خَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ)
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the last and final messenger; no new prophet will come after him.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن رَّسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ
“Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets.”
📚 Surah Al-Ahzab: 40
4. Revelation (الوحي) is the Means of Divine Communication
Wahy (Revelation) is how Allah conveys His commands to the prophets—either through inspiration, speech from behind a veil, or via Angel Jibril.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا
“It is not for a human being that Allah should speak to him except by revelation, or from behind a veil, or by sending a messenger.”
📚 Surah Ash-Shura: 51
5. The Qur’an is the Final Revelation
The Qur’an is the last and complete revelation, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, preserved and protected by Allah.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ
“Indeed, We have sent down the Reminder (Qur’an), and indeed, We will preserve it.”
📚 Surah Al-Hijr: 9
6. Sunnah Confirms and Clarifies Revelation
The Prophet ﷺ explained the revelation through his speech, actions, and approvals—this is the Sunnah.
📖 Evidence (Hadith):
أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ
“Be aware! I have been given the Qur’an and something like it along with it.”
📚 Sunan Abu Dawud
This hadith shows the authority of the Sunnah alongside the Qur’an in guiding the Ummah.
Summary of Key Evidences (دلائل):
اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ – Surah Al-Hajj: 75
هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ… – Surah Al-Jumu‘ah: 2
خَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ – Surah Al-Ahzab: 40
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا… – Surah Ash-Shura: 51
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ… – Surah Al-Hijr: 9
أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ – Hadith (Sunan Abu Dawud)
5. Five Pillars of Islam
🌟 The Five Pillars of Islam – In the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
1. Shahāda (شَهادَة) – Declaration of Faith
Meaning: To testify that:
“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad ﷺ is His Messenger.”
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Allah bears witness that there is no deity except Him, and [so do] the angels and those of knowledge – [that He is] maintaining [creation] in justice. There is no deity except Him, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.”
(Surah Aal-Imran 3:18)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Islam is built upon five (pillars): The testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger…”
(Bukhari, Hadith 8; Muslim, Hadith 16)
2. Salah (صَلاة) – Prayer
Meaning: Performing five daily prayers at specific times.
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Establish prayer, for prayer restrains from shameful and unjust deeds, and the remembrance of Allah is the greatest.”
(Surah Al-‘Ankabūt 29:45)
“Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.”
(Surah An-Nisā’ 4:103)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“The first thing for which a person will be brought to account on the Day of Resurrection will be his Salah.”
(Tirmidhi, Hadith 413)
3. Zakah (زَكاة) – Almsgiving
Meaning: Giving 2.5% of one’s wealth annually to the poor and needy.
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Establish prayer and give Zakah and obey the Messenger – that you may receive mercy.”
(Surah An-Nur 24:56)
“Take, [O Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase.”
(Surah At-Tawbah 9:103)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever is made wealthy by Allah and does not pay the Zakah of his wealth, then on the Day of Resurrection his wealth will be made like a bald-headed poisonous male snake…”
(Bukhari, Hadith 1403)
4. Sawm (صَوْم) – Fasting in Ramadan
Meaning: Abstaining from food, drink, and sinful actions from dawn till sunset during Ramadan.
Qur’anic Evidence:
“O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become righteous.”
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:183)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever fasts the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith and hoping for reward, all his previous sins will be forgiven.”
(Bukhari, Hadith 38)
5. Hajj (حَجّ) – Pilgrimage to Makkah
Meaning: Visiting the Ka‘bah in Makkah and performing rituals of Hajj once in a lifetime (if financially and physically able).
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to Allah by all who can make their way to it.”
(Surah Aal-Imran 3:97)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever performs Hajj and does not commit any obscenity or wrongdoing will come out as the day he was born – pure from sins.”
(Bukhari, Hadith 1521; Muslim, Hadith 1350)
🌙 Conclusion
The Five Pillars serve as the practical framework of a Muslim’s life and identity, rooted in clear teachings from the Qur’an and Sunnah. They encompass belief, worship, charity, discipline, and unity, shaping the spiritual and social lives of Muslims
6. Accountability and the Afterlife
5. Accountability and the Afterlife (یومِ حساب اور آخرت کا تصور)
🔶 Introduction
One of the most profound elements of Islamic belief is the conviction in accountability before Allah and the certainty of the Afterlife (الآخرة). This belief influences every Muslim’s moral compass and behavior, establishing the understanding that this worldly life is temporary and a test, and that every soul will be judged for its actions.
﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ ذَآئِقَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ ۖ وَإِنَّمَا تُوَفَّوْنَ أُجُورَكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ﴾
“Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your full compensation on the Day of Resurrection.”
— (Surah Āli ʿImrān 3:185)
🔶 Belief in the Afterlife: A Core Tenet of Faith
Belief in al-Ākhirah (the Hereafter) is among the six pillars of Īmān (faith) in Islam. A Muslim believes in:
Life after death
The resurrection (البعث)
The Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)
The weighing of deeds (الميزان)
The Sirāt (bridge over Hellfire)
Paradise (الجنة) and Hell (النار)
قال النبي ﷺ: “الإيمان أن تؤمن بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر، وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره.”
“Iman is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and in destiny—its good and bad.”
— (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: 8)
🔶 Accountability: Every Deed Will Be Judged
Islam teaches that human beings are responsible for their actions and will be judged accordingly. Nothing escapes Allah’s knowledge—whether done openly or in secret.
﴿فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًۭا يَرَهُۥ • وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ شَرًّۭا يَرَهُۥ﴾
“So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it.”
— (Surah al-Zalzalah 99:7–8)
﴿وَنَضَعُ ٱلْمَوَٰزِينَ ٱلْقِسْطَ لِيَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ فَلَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌۭ شَيْـًۭٔا﴾
“And We will set up the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be wronged in the least…”
— (Surah al-Anbiyāʾ 21:47)
The angels Kirāmān Kātibīn record every word and action:
﴿مَّا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ﴾
“Not a word does he utter except that with him is an observer ready [to record].”
— (Surah Qāf 50:18)
🔶 The Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)
This is the decisive day when all of creation will be gathered before Allah:
People will be raised from the graves.
Their books of deeds will be handed to them.
Witnesses will be brought forth: the angels, the earth, and even limbs.
﴿يَوْمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ وَأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ﴾
“The Day their tongues, their hands, and their feet will bear witness against them as to what they used to do.”
— (Surah al-Nūr 24:24)
🔶 Paradise and Hell: The Eternal Abodes
After judgment, every soul will be led to its eternal fate:
Paradise (Jannah) is a place of eternal bliss, peace, and nearness to Allah, for those who believed and did righteous deeds.
﴿جَزَآؤُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ جَنَّٰتُ عَدۡنٍۢ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدًۭا﴾
“Their reward with their Lord is gardens of perpetual residence beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever.”
— (Surah al-Bayyinah 98:8)
Hellfire (Jahannam) is the abode of punishment for those who disbelieved and rejected the truth.
﴿وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱلنَّارَ ٱلَّتِىٓ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَـٰفِرِينَ﴾
“And fear the Fire which has been prepared for the disbelievers.”
— (Surah Āli ʿImrān 3:131)
🔶 Practical Impact of This Belief
Belief in accountability:
Inspires ethical behavior and honesty even in private.
Discourages sin due to fear of divine justice.
Motivates repentance and spiritual growth.
Encourages patience in hardship and gratitude in prosperity, knowing this world is a test.
قال النبي ﷺ: “الكَيِّسُ مَن دانَ نَفْسَهُ، وعَمِلَ لِما بَعْدَ المَوْتِ.”
“The wise person is the one who holds himself accountable and works for what comes after death.”
— (Tirmidhī: 2459)
🔶 Conclusion
The Islamic belief in accountability and the afterlife gives meaning and direction to human life. It ensures that no deed—good or evil—goes unnoticed or unjudged. This belief cultivates God-consciousness (taqwā), personal responsibility, and a firm hope in Allah’s justice and mercy.
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1. Shahadah (شَهادَة) – Declaration of Faith
1. Shahadah (شَهادَة) – Declaration of Faith
Definition and Meaning:
The Shahadah (شَهادَة) is the Islamic declaration of faith and the first and most fundamental pillar of Islam. It consists of two concise statements:
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ
“I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
In Arabic, the word “Shahadah” derives from the root ش-ه-د (sh-h-d), meaning “to witness,” “to testify,” or “to bear witness.” The Shahadah is thus a testimony—a sincere and conscious affirmation of the oneness of Allah (Tawheed) and the finality of Prophethood with Muhammad ﷺ.
Components of the Shahadah:
First Part – Tawheed (توحید):
“لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ” – There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah.
This affirms monotheism, rejecting all forms of polytheism (shirk). It signifies total devotion, obedience, and servitude to Allah alone.Second Part – Risalah (رسالت):
“مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ” – Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
This affirms that Muhammad ﷺ is the final prophet, the seal of all messengers, and that his message (Islam) is the complete and final guidance for mankind.
Importance in Islam:
The Shahadah is the entry point into Islam. A person becomes a Muslim by sincerely reciting it with conviction.
It is recited during the call to prayer (Adhan), prayer (Salah), and various acts of worship.
It is a constant reminder of a Muslim’s belief and commitment to Allah and His Messenger.
It differentiates a believer (mu’min) from a non-believer (kafir).
Qur’anic References:
Surah Al-Imran (3:18):
“Allah bears witness that there is no deity except Him…”Surah Muhammad (47:19):
“So know [O Muhammad], that there is no deity except Allah, and ask forgiveness for your sin…”
Hadith References:
Sahih al-Bukhari:
The Prophet ﷺ said: “Whoever says ‘La ilaha illallah’ sincerely will enter Paradise.”Sahih Muslim:
“Islam is built upon five pillars: the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah…”
Conditions of the Shahadah:
Scholars have mentioned several conditions for the Shahadah to be valid and accepted:
Knowledge (العلم): Understanding its meaning.
Certainty (اليقين): No doubt in the belief.
Sincerity (الإخلاص): Pure intention for Allah.
Truthfulness (الصدق): Saying it honestly.
Love (المحبة): Loving the Shahadah and what it entails.
Submission (الانقياد): Acting upon it.
Acceptance (القبول): Accepting its consequences.
Conclusion:
The Shahadah is not a mere verbal statement—it is a lifelong commitment that defines the identity, actions, and worldview of a Muslim. It represents the core essence of Islamic theology, combining the oneness of Allah with the finality of Prophethood. Through it, a believer not only proclaims faith but enters a covenant with the Creator to live by His guidance.
2. Salah (صَلاة) – Prayer
2. Ṣalāh (صَلاة) – Prayer
🔶 Introduction
Ṣalāh (prayer) is the second pillar of Islam and the most emphasized form of worship after belief in Allah. It is the believer’s daily spiritual connection with the Creator. The Qur’an and Sunnah repeatedly emphasize its performance and the severe consequences of neglecting it.
﴿إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ تَنْهَىٰ عَنِ ٱلْفَحْشَآءِ وَٱلْمُنكَرِ﴾
“Indeed, prayer restrains from immorality and wrongdoing.”
— (Surah al-‘Ankabūt 29:45)
🔶 Definition of Ṣalāh
Linguistically (لغتاً): The word ṣalāh (صلاة) means supplication (duʿāʾ), mercy, or communication.
Technically (اصطلاحاً):
“أفعالٌ وأقوالٌ مفتتحةٌ بالتكبير ومختتمةٌ بالتسليم بشرائط مخصوصة.”
“A set of prescribed actions and sayings, beginning with Takbīr and ending with Salām, performed under specific conditions.”
🔶 Importance of Ṣalāh
The second pillar of Islam after the testimony of faith.
First deed questioned on the Day of Judgement:
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “أوَّلُ ما يُحاسَبُ به العبدُ يومَ القيامةِ من عملِه صلاتُه، فإن صلحتْ فقد أفلحَ وأنجحَ، وإن فسدتْ فقد خابَ وخسرَ.”
“The first thing a servant will be asked about on the Day of Judgment is his prayer. If it is sound, he will succeed; if it is corrupt, he will fail.”
— (Tirmidhī: 413)
Daily purification of sins.
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “أرأيتم لو أن نهرًا بباب أحدكم يغتسل منه كل يوم خمس مرات، هل يبقى من درنه شيء؟” قالوا: لا، قال: “فذلك مثل الصلوات الخمس، يمحو الله بهن الخطايا.”
“If one had a river at his door and bathed in it five times daily, would any dirt remain? Likewise, the five prayers erase sins.”
— (Bukhārī & Muslim)
🔶 Obligation of Ṣalāh
Prayer was made obligatory during the Night Journey (al-Isrāʾ wal-Miʿrāj). Originally 50 prayers, it was reduced to five with the reward of fifty.
﴿وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ لِذِكْرِى﴾
“Establish the prayer for My remembrance.”
— (Surah Tāhā 20:14)
﴿إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَٰبًۭا مَّوْقُوتًا﴾
“Verily, prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed times.”
— (Surah an-Nisāʾ 4:103)
🔶 The Five Daily Prayers and Their Timings
| Prayer | Arabic Name | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Dawn | الفجر | From dawn until sunrise |
| Noon | الظهر | After the sun passes zenith |
| Afternoon | العصر | Late afternoon before sunset |
| Sunset | المغرب | Immediately after sunset |
| Night | العشاء | After twilight until midnight |
🔶 Conditions (Shurūṭ) and Pillars (Arkān) of Prayer
Conditions (شروط):
Purity (طهارة) – from both hadath and najāsah
Covering ʿAwrah (ستر العورة)
Facing the Qiblah (استقبال القبلة)
Correct time (دخول الوقت)
Intention (نية)
Pillars (أركان):
Standing (القيام)
Recitation (القراءة) – including Sūrat al-Fātiḥah
Bowing (الركوع)
Prostration (السجود) – twice per cycle
Final Sitting (الجلوس للتشهد الأخير)
Taslim (السلام)
قال النبي ﷺ: “صلوا كما رأيتموني أصلي.”
“Pray as you have seen me praying.”
— (Bukhārī: 631)
🔶 Congregational Prayer (Ṣalāh al-Jamāʿah)
Prayer in congregation is highly emphasized for men, especially in the mosque.
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “صلاة الجماعة أفضل من صلاة الفذ بسبع وعشرين درجة.”
“The prayer in congregation is 27 times superior to the prayer performed individually.”
— (Bukhārī & Muslim)
Some narrations even threaten punishment for those neglecting congregational prayer without valid excuse.
🔶 Abandoning Prayer (ترك الصلاة)
Abandoning prayer is among the gravest sins.
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “بين الرجل وبين الكفر والشرك ترك الصلاة.”
“Between a man and disbelief and polytheism is the abandonment of prayer.”
— (Muslim: 82)
Imām Aḥmad and other scholars regarded the intentional abandoner as a disbeliever, while others considered him a major sinner.
🔶 Spiritual Benefits of Prayer
Direct communication with Allah
Cleanses the heart and soul
Teaches discipline, humility, and patience
Strengthens Imān and repels evil
Establishes regularity and inner peace
﴿وَٱسْتَعِينُوا۟ بِٱلصَّبْرِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ۚ وَإِنَّهَا لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلْخَـٰشِعِينَ﴾
“Seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, it is difficult except for the humble.”
— (Surah al-Baqarah 2:45)
🔶 Conclusion
Ṣalāh is the essence of a Muslim’s life. It is not just a ritual act, but a daily renewal of faith, a cleansing of the soul, and a firm declaration of servitude to Allah. Its abandonment leads to spiritual decay, while its observance guarantees success in both worlds.
﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ هُمْ فِى صَلَاتِهِمْ خَـٰشِعُونَ﴾
“Successful indeed are the believers—those who are humble in their prayers.”
— (Surah al-Mu’minūn 23:1–2)
3. Zakah (زَكاة) – Almsgiving
3. Zakah (زَكاة) – Almsgiving
Definition and Meaning
Zakah (زكاة) is an Arabic word that linguistically means purity, growth, and increase. In Islamic terminology, it refers to the obligatory almsgiving prescribed by Allah upon Muslims who meet certain conditions of wealth. It is the third pillar of Islam, following Shahadah and Salah.
Zakah is not merely charity; rather, it is a divinely mandated right of the poor in the wealth of the rich. It aims to purify wealth and soul, help those in need, and ensure social and economic balance in society.
Religious Status of Zakah
Zakah is Fard (obligatory) upon every adult, sane, free Muslim who possesses wealth above a specified threshold (called Nisab) for one lunar year.
Qur’anic Evidence:
وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ
“And establish prayer and give zakah.”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:43)
خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا
“Take [O Muhammad] from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase…”
— Surah At-Tawbah (9:103)
Hadith Evidence:
بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ… وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ
“Islam is built upon five [pillars]… and giving Zakah.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari & Muslim
Purpose and Wisdom of Zakah
Spiritual Purification: It purifies the heart from greed and selfishness.
Social Welfare: It supports the poor, needy, and vulnerable segments of society.
Economic Justice: Zakah reduces inequality and ensures wealth circulation.
Gratitude to Allah: Recognizing Allah as the true owner of wealth.
Conditions for Zakah to Be Obligatory
Islam: Only Muslims are required to pay zakah.
Freedom: Slaves are not obligated.
Full Ownership: The wealth must be fully owned.
Nisab Threshold: Wealth must reach the minimum limit set by Shariah.
One Lunar Year: Wealth must remain above Nisab for a full Hijri year.
Nisab (Minimum Threshold):
Zakah becomes obligatory when a Muslim owns at least:
Gold: 7.5 tolas ≈ 87.48 grams
Silver: 52.5 tolas ≈ 612.36 grams
Or equivalent cash or assets
Zakah rate: 2.5% annually on wealth above the Nisab.
Recipients of Zakah
The Quran outlines eight eligible categories of Zakah recipients in Surah At-Tawbah (9:60):
إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ
“Zakah expenditures are only for the poor, the needy, those employed to collect [zakah], to attract hearts [towards Islam], for freeing captives, for those in debt, for the cause of Allah, and for the stranded traveler…”
— Surah At-Tawbah (9:60)
The 8 categories are:
The Poor (Fuqara’)
The Needy (Masakin)
Zakah collectors
New Muslims or those inclined to Islam
Slaves or captives
Debtors
In the path of Allah
Stranded travelers
Consequences of Not Paying Zakah
Neglecting zakah is a serious sin with severe consequences in the Hereafter.
Qur’an:
وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
“And those who hoard gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah — give them tidings of a painful punishment.”
— Surah At-Tawbah (9:34)
Hadith:
“Any owner of gold or silver who does not pay what is due on it, it will be heated in the Fire of Hell and made into plates to be burned with on his side, forehead, and back…”
— Sahih Muslim
Conclusion
Zakah is a cornerstone of the Islamic economic system. It fosters compassion, mutual support, and social justice. Beyond its economic dimensions, it is a spiritual obligation that reflects a believer’s submission to Allah and concern for humanity. A just and prosperous society is only possible when Muslims fulfill this divine duty sincerely and systematically.
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4. Sawm (صَوم) – Fasting in Ramadan
4. Sawm (صَوم) – Fasting in Ramadan
Definition and Meaning
Sawm (Arabic: صَوم) literally means “to abstain” — from food, drink, speech, and action. In Islamic terminology, it refers to abstaining from eating, drinking, sexual relations, and other invalidators of the fast, from dawn (Fajr) until sunset (Maghrib), with the intention of worshipping Allah.
Fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam, and its observance during the month of Ramadan is fardh (obligatory) upon all adult, sane, and able Muslims.
Qur’anic Evidence
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
“O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may attain Taqwa (piety).”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183)
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِّنَ الْهُدَىٰ وَالْفُرْقَانِ…
“The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur’an — a guidance for mankind and clear proofs of the guidance and the criterion…”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:185)
Hadith Evidence
بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ… وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ
“Islam is built upon five [pillars]… and fasting in Ramadan.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari & Muslim
The Prophet ﷺ said:
مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ
“Whoever fasts during Ramadan with faith and seeking reward [from Allah], all his past sins will be forgiven.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari
Purpose and Wisdom of Fasting
Attainment of Taqwa (God-consciousness)
The ultimate aim is to increase one’s mindfulness of Allah and gain spiritual discipline.Self-restraint and Patience
It trains the believer to control desires, habits, and impulses.Solidarity with the Poor
Experiencing hunger fosters empathy and encourages generosity.Gratitude
Appreciating Allah’s blessings by voluntarily abstaining from them.Moral Purification
Fasting is not just physical but also ethical — avoiding lies, anger, and foul behavior.
وَالصِّيَامُ جُنَّةٌ
“Fasting is a shield.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari
Who Must Fast?
Fasting in Ramadan is obligatory on every:
Adult (reached puberty)
Sane (not mentally ill)
Resident (not traveling)
Healthy (not ill or physically unable)
Exemptions from Fasting
Islam allows exemptions with either make-up fasting (qada’) or fidya (feeding the poor):
| Condition | Ruling |
|---|---|
| Illness | Exempt, make up later |
| Travel | Exempt, make up later |
| Pregnancy/Breastfeeding | Exempt, depending on health |
| Elderly (permanently unable) | Pay fidya per missed fast |
فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ
“…Then [make up] a number of days later.”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:184)
What Invalidates the Fast
Eating or drinking intentionally
Sexual intercourse during fasting hours
Menstruation or post-natal bleeding
Intentional vomiting (according to many scholars)
Apostasy (leaving Islam)
Unintentional acts (e.g., eating by mistake) do not break the fast.
إِنَّمَا الأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ
“Actions are judged by intentions.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari
Spiritual Rewards of Fasting
Fasting is a unique form of worship for which Allah alone grants special reward:
كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ لَهُ إِلَّا الصِّيَامَ، فَإِنَّهُ لِي وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ
“Every act of the son of Adam is for him, except fasting; it is for Me and I shall reward it.”
— Sahih Muslim
لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ…
“The fasting person has two joys: one when he breaks his fast, and the other when he meets his Lord.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari
Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr)
The last 10 nights of Ramadan include the Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree), better than a thousand months.
لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ
“The Night of Power is better than a thousand months.”
— Surah Al-Qadr (97:3)
Fasting, prayer, and worship during this night earn unmatched rewards.
Conclusion
Sawm in Ramadan is not only a physical act of abstaining from food and drink but a spiritual journey of purification, discipline, and closeness to Allah. It cultivates Taqwa, compassion, and gratitude, fostering both personal development and communal solidarity.
Fasting is a test of faith and endurance — and a means of attaining forgiveness, reward, and paradise.
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5. Hajj (حَجّ) – Pilgrimage to Mecca
5. Ḥajj (حَجّ) – Pilgrimage to Mecca
🔶 Introduction
Ḥajj is the fifth pillar of Islam and a once-in-a-lifetime obligation for every adult Muslim who has the physical and financial means to perform it. It is an act of devotion combining physical effort, financial sacrifice, and deep spiritual symbolism. It commemorates the legacy of Prophet Ibrāhīm (عليه السلام), his wife Hājar, and their son Ismāʿīl, whose lives were marked by absolute submission to Allah.
﴿وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالًا وَعَلَىٰ كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ يَأْتِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ﴾
“And proclaim the Ḥajj to the people; they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every distant pass.”
— (Surah al-Ḥajj 22:27)
🔶 Definition of Ḥajj
Linguistically (لغتاً):
The word Ḥajj (حَجّ) means “to intend” or “to head toward a place of great importance.”
Technically (اصطلاحاً):
“الذهاب إلى بيت الله الحرام لأداء مناسك مخصوصة في وقت مخصوص بنية العبادة.”
“The journey to the sacred House of Allah for the performance of specific rites during a specific time, with the intention of worship.”
🔶 Obligation and Virtue of Ḥajj
Ḥajj is obligatory once in a lifetime upon every sane, adult Muslim who is financially and physically capable.
﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ ٱسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ﴾
“And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House – for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves – then indeed, Allah is free from need of the worlds.”
— (Surah Āli ‘Imrān 3:97)
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “بُنِيَ الإسلامُ على خمسٍ: شهادةِ أن لا إلهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ، وإقامِ الصلاةِ، وإيتاءِ الزكاةِ، وصومِ رمضانَ، وحجِّ البيتِ لمن استطاعَ إليه سبيلًا.”
“Islam is built upon five pillars: the testimony of faith, establishing prayer, paying zakāh, fasting Ramadan, and performing ḥajj to the House (Kaʿbah) for those who are able.”
— (Bukhārī & Muslim)
🔶 Types of Ḥajj
There are three types of Ḥajj:
Ḥajj al-Tamattuʿ (تمتع):
Performing ʿUmrah first during the months of Ḥajj, then Ḥajj with a new intention.Ḥajj al-Qirān (قران):
Combining ʿUmrah and Ḥajj with a single ihrām.Ḥajj al-Ifrād (إفراد):
Performing only Ḥajj without ʿUmrah.
All three are valid, but Tamattuʿ is most preferred for non-residents of Mecca.
🔶 Major Rituals of Ḥajj
Performed between 8th to 13th Dhū al-Ḥijjah, the main rites include:
| Day | Rituals |
|---|---|
| 8 Dhū al-Ḥijjah (Yawm al-Tarwiyah) | Entering ihrām, proceeding to Minā, praying Ẓuhr, ʿAṣr, Maghrib, ʿIshāʾ and Fajr |
| 9 Dhū al-Ḥijjah (Yawm ʿArafah) | Standing at ʿArafāt (Wuquf), the heart of Ḥajj |
| 10 Dhū al-Ḥijjah (Yawm al-Naḥr) | Muzdalifah prayer, Ramy al-Jamarāt, slaughtering sacrifice, head shaving, Ṭawāf al-Ifāḍah |
| 11–13 Dhū al-Ḥijjah (Ayyām al-Tashrīq) | Throwing Jamarāt, Ṭawāf al-Wadāʿ before leaving Mecca |
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “الحجُّ عرفةُ.”
“Ḥajj is [the day of] ʿArafah.”
— (Tirmidhī: 889)
﴿ثُمَّ لْيَقْضُوا۟ تَفَثَهُمْ وَلْيُوفُوا۟ نُذُورَهُمْ وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا۟ بِٱلْبَيْتِ ٱلْعَتِيقِ﴾
“Then let them end their untidiness and fulfill their vows and perform Ṭawāf around the ancient House.”
— (Surah al-Ḥajj 22:29)
🔶 Spiritual Benefits of Ḥajj
Forgiveness of all past sins:
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “من حج هذا البيت فلم يرفث ولم يفسق، رجع كما ولدته أمه.”
“Whoever performs Ḥajj without obscenity or sin will return like the day his mother gave birth to him.”
— (Bukhārī: 1521)
Unity of the Muslim Ummah:
Muslims of every background, race, and language gather, dressed alike, worshipping one God.Physical and spiritual discipline:
Endurance, patience, remembrance of Allah, sacrifice, and love of the Prophet’s Sunnah are all embodied in Ḥajj.Connection to Prophet Ibrāhīm (عليه السلام):
Ḥajj follows his legacy — the building of the Kaʿbah, the sacrifice, and the test of trust in Allah.
🔶 Conditions (Shurūṭ) of Obligatory Ḥajj
Islām – Only Muslims are eligible.
Sanity (ʿAql) – Insane persons are not obliged.
Adulthood (Bulūgh) – Children may perform it, but it does not suffice for the obligatory Ḥajj.
Freedom – In classical jurisprudence, slaves were exempt.
Financial and physical ability
Travel expenses
Accommodation and safety
Provision for family at home
﴿مَنِ ٱسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾
“…For whoever is able to find thereto a way…”
🔶 Prohibited Acts During Ihrām
Cutting hair or nails
Applying perfume
Marital relations
Hunting land animals
Wearing stitched clothing (for men)
Covering the face (for women) or head (for men)
Violating any of these rules requires fidya (compensation).
﴿فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ ٱلْحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِى ٱلْحَجِّ﴾
“So whoever intends to perform Hajj therein, let there be no sexual relations, no disobedience, and no arguing during Hajj.”
— (Surah al-Baqarah 2:197)
🔶 Conclusion
Ḥajj is more than a physical journey — it is a spiritual transformation. It symbolizes the return to Allah, repentance, and submission. It revives the legacy of Prophet Ibrāhīm and fosters unity across the Muslim world. For those blessed to perform it, it is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to attain a new beginning in faith and life.
قال النبي ﷺ: “الْحُجَّاجُ وَالْعُمَّارُ وَفْدُ اللَّهِ، دَعَاهُمْ فَأَجَابُوهُ، وَسَأَلُوهُ فَأَعْطَاهُمْ.”
“The pilgrims and those performing ʿUmrah are the guests of Allah; He called them and they responded, they ask of Him and He gives to them.”
— (Ibn Mājah: 2892)
1. What is the Iman ?
🌟 What is Imān? (ایمان کیا ہے؟)
🔹 Definition of Imān:
Imān means to believe with the heart, to affirm with the tongue, and to act with the limbs. It encompasses belief in the unseen and acceptance of all that Allah and His Messenger ﷺ have conveyed.
📖 Iman in the Light of the Qur’an
1. Faith in the Unseen (غیب پر ایمان):
“This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah – who believe in the unseen…”
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:2–3)
2. Six Articles of Faith:
“The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and [so have] the believers. All of them have believed in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day, and they say: ‘We hear and obey. [Grant us] Your forgiveness, our Lord. To You is the final destination.’”
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:285)
3. Iman and Righteous Deeds:
“Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous deeds – they will have the Gardens of Paradise as a lodging.”
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:107)
4. Iman Increases and Decreases:
“It is He who sent down tranquility into the hearts of the believers so that they would increase in faith upon their faith.”
(Surah Al-Fath 48:4)
🌙 Iman in the Light of the Sunnah (Ahadith)
1. Hadith of Jibril (Six Pillars of Faith):
The Angel Jibril asked the Prophet ﷺ:
“What is Iman?”
The Prophet ﷺ replied:
“It is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in Qadr (divine decree) – the good of it and the bad of it.”
(Sahih Muslim, Hadith 8)
2. Iman is in the Heart, Tongue, and Actions:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Iman has over seventy branches – the highest of which is to say La ilaha illa Allah, and the lowest is to remove something harmful from the road. And modesty (ḥayā’) is a branch of Iman.”
(Sahih Muslim, Hadith 35)
3. Iman and Brotherhood:
“None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.”
(Bukhari & Muslim)
🕋 Six Pillars of Imān (ارکان ایمان):
| # | Article of Faith | Arabic Term |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Belief in Allah | الإيمان بالله |
| 2 | Belief in the Angels | الإيمان بالملائكة |
| 3 | Belief in the Divine Books | الإيمان بالكتب |
| 4 | Belief in the Prophets | الإيمان بالرسل |
| 5 | Belief in the Last Day | الإيمان باليوم الآخر |
| 6 | Belief in Divine Decree | الإيمان بالقدر |
🧠 Summary:
Imān is the spiritual backbone of Islam.
It combines belief, speech, and actions.
True Iman reflects in righteous deeds, good character, and submission to Allah’s will.
Both Qur’an and Sunnah emphasize that Iman grows with worship and weakens with sin, hence it must be nurtured.
1. What is the Islam
1. Islam is the Only True Religion Accepted by Allah.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ
“Indeed, the religion in the sight of Allah is Islam.”
(Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:19)
This verse clearly affirms that Islam is the only religion approved by Allah. All other belief systems are man-made or altered over time. Islam, as revealed to all prophets, has always been the one true path.
2. No Religion Other than Islam Will Be Accepted.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي ٱلْآخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلْخَـٰسِرِينَ
“And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers.”
(Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:85)
This verse shows that after the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, no other religion is valid. Islam is now the final and complete path to salvation.
3. Islam is the Same Message Given to All Prophets.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
شَرَعَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ
“He has ordained for you the same religion which He enjoined upon Noah, and that which We have revealed to you, and what We enjoined upon Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.”
(Surah Ash-Shura, 42:13)
This verse confirms that the core message of Islam—belief in One God and righteous living—was given to all prophets. Islam is not a new religion, but the continuation and perfection of the same divine message.
4. The Five Pillars of Islam Define the Religion Practically.
Evidence from Hadith (Sahih Muslim):
الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمداً رسول الله، وتقيم الصلاة، وتؤتي الزكاة، وتصوم رمضان، وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلاً
“Islam is to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to give Zakah, to fast during Ramadan, and to perform Hajj if able.”
(Hadith of Jibreel – Sahih Muslim)
This Hadith defines Islam by its five essential pillars. These are the acts of worship and duties every Muslim must observe as outward signs of faith and obedience.
5. The Purpose of Islam is to Perfect Moral Character.
Evidence from Hadith (Musnad Ahmad):
إنما بُعثت لأتمم مكارم الأخلاق
“I have been sent only to perfect noble character.”
(Musnad Ahmad)
This Hadith highlights that Islam is not just about rituals and beliefs; it also aims to reform personal behavior and establish a society built on ethical conduct and compassion.
Summary in Points with Arabic Evidences:
📜 قائمة الأدلة عن الإسلام:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ
📚 سورة آل عمران: ١٩وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ
📚 سورة آل عمران: ٨٥شَرَعَ لَكُم مِّنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ
📚 سورة الشورى: ١٣الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وتقيم الصلاة، وتؤتي الزكاة، وتصوم رمضان، وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلًا
📚 صحيح مسلمإنما بُعثت لأتمم مكارم الأخلاق
📚 مسند أحمد
2. Islam as a Complete Way of Life
Islam as a Complete Way of Life — In the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah
Introduction
Islam is not merely a religion of rituals or worship limited to the mosque — it is a complete and comprehensive system of life that governs every aspect of human existence: spiritual, moral, social, economic, political, legal, and personal. It provides guidance for individuals and societies alike, rooted in the Qur’an (the final revelation) and the Sunnah (the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ’s teachings and practices).
This all-encompassing nature of Islam makes it a Deen (دِين) — a divine system of living — rather than just a set of religious beliefs.
1. Islam’s Comprehensiveness in the Qur’an
The Qur’an clearly affirms that Islam provides guidance in all aspects of life:
الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا
“This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as your religion.”
— Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:3)
This verse signifies that no part of human life is outside the scope of Islamic guidance.
وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ
“And We have sent down to you the Book as clarification for all things…”
— Surah An-Nahl (16:89)
The Qur’an provides a foundation for beliefs, acts of worship, ethics, justice, family life, governance, economics, and international relations.
2. The Sunnah as Practical Implementation
The Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ serves as the living explanation of the Qur’an. His life is the model for every Muslim.
لَّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ
“Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example…”
— Surah Al-Ahzab (33:21)
His Sunnah covers all aspects of life: worship, family, leadership, commerce, war and peace, personal habits, and moral behavior.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ أَمْرَيْنِ لَنْ تَضِلُّوا مَا تَمَسَّكْتُمْ بِهِمَا: كِتَابَ اللهِ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ
“I have left among you two matters; you will never go astray as long as you hold fast to them: the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet.”
— Muwatta’ Imam Malik
3. Islam as a Spiritual and Moral Code
Islam emphasizes a direct relationship with Allah through acts of worship (Ibadat):
Faith (Iman)
Prayer (Salah)
Fasting (Sawm)
Charity (Zakah)
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
It also instills a comprehensive ethical code, including:
Truthfulness, honesty, humility
Respect for parents and elders
Justice and mercy
Avoiding pride, envy, greed
إِنَّ اللّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالإِحْسَانِ
“Indeed, Allah commands justice and excellence…”
— Surah An-Nahl (16:90)
4. Islam and Social Life
Islam lays strong foundations for family life, community relations, and human rights:
Marriage and parental responsibilities
Rights of neighbors, the poor, and the elderly
Equality and brotherhood of humanity
Prohibition of racism and tribalism
إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ
“Indeed, the believers are but brothers.”
— Surah Al-Hujurat (49:10)
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari & Muslim
5. Islam and Economic Principles
Islam has a unique economic system based on justice, fairness, and prohibition of exploitation:
Prohibition of Riba (usury)
Encouragement of trade and entrepreneurship
Zakah and Sadaqah to uplift the poor
Fair dealings, transparency in business
وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا
“Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury.”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:275)
6. Islam in Politics and Governance
Islam offers guidance for justice in leadership, accountability, consultation (Shura), and rights of citizens. The Prophet ﷺ established a state based on rule of law, mutual responsibility, and moral governance in Madinah.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا…
“Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice…”
— Surah An-Nisa (4:58)
7. Islam and Personal Development
Islam nurtures personal growth and inner discipline through:
Self-purification (Tazkiyah)
Knowledge-seeking (Ilm)
Time management and productivity
Balance between Dunya (world) and Akhirah (Hereafter)
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّاهَا • وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّاهَا
“Successful is the one who purifies it [the soul], and ruined is the one who corrupts it.”
— Surah Ash-Shams (91:9-10)
Conclusion
Islam is not confined to the prayer mat or the masjid — it is a universal, practical, and complete system that integrates belief and action, faith and reason, individual and society. Its teachings, derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah, cover every field of life, offering the best framework for justice, peace, and human flourishing.
To truly follow Islam is to live it — in the home, workplace, market, government, and heart — under the ultimate sovereignty of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى).
وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حُكْمًا لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ
“And who is better than Allah in judgment for a people who have certainty?”
— Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:50)
3. Tawḥīd – Belief in the Oneness of Allah
Tawḥīd (توحيد) – Belief in the Oneness of Allah
Definition and Importance
Tawḥīd (توحيد) is the central doctrine of Islam and the foundation of a Muslim’s faith. Linguistically, it means “unification” or “to declare as one.” In Islamic theology, it refers to the absolute oneness, uniqueness, and exclusivity of Allah (God) in His essence, attributes, actions, and worship.
Tawḥīd is the first pillar of Islam, as encapsulated in the Shahadah (شهادة):
لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
Without Tawḥīd, no deed or worship is accepted in Islam. It is the line between belief and disbelief, and the essence of all prophetic messages.
Types of Tawḥīd
Islamic scholars traditionally classify Tawḥīd into three categories, all derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah:
1. Tawḥīd al-Rubūbiyyah (توحيد الربوبية)
Oneness of Allah’s Lordship
This means affirming that Allah alone is the Creator, Sustainer, Owner, and Controller of the universe.
اللَّهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ
“Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs.”
— Surah Az-Zumar (39:62)
Even the polytheists of Quraysh accepted this type of Tawḥīd, yet they were still declared disbelievers due to violating Tawḥīd in worship.
2. Tawḥīd al-Ulūhiyyah (توحيد الألوهية)
Oneness of Allah in Worship
This is to direct all forms of worship — such as prayer, supplication, fear, hope, trust, sacrifice — to Allah alone.
وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ
“And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion…”
— Surah Al-Bayyinah (98:5)
Associating partners with Allah in worship (shirk) is the greatest sin in Islam.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ
“Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating partners with Him…”
— Surah An-Nisa (4:48)
3. Tawḥīd al-Asmāʾ wa al-Ṣifāt (توحيد الأسماء والصفات)
Oneness of Allah’s Names and Attributes
This means affirming all of Allah’s Names and Attributes as mentioned in the Qur’an and Sunnah, without distortion (taḥrīf), denial (taʿṭīl), likening (tashbīh), or asking how (takyīf).
وَلِلَّهِ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ فَادْعُوهُ بِهَا
“And to Allah belong the best names, so call upon Him by them…”
— Surah Al-A‘rāf (7:180)
Examples include:
Al-Raḥmān (الرَّحْمٰن) – The Most Merciful
Al-‘Alīm (العليم) – The All-Knowing
Al-Ṣamād (الصَّمَد) – The Self-Sufficient
Tawḥīd in the Life and Mission of the Prophets
Every Prophet and Messenger came with the same core message: Tawḥīd.
وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ
“And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], ‘Worship Allah and avoid false deities.’”
— Surah An-Naḥl (16:36)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ spent 13 years in Makkah calling to pure monotheism before any legal rulings or rituals were introduced. His mission was to purify people’s beliefs and bring them back to the worship of the One True God.
Virtues of Tawḥīd
Leads to salvation and Paradise
“Whoever dies while knowing that there is no god but Allah will enter Paradise.”
— Sahih MuslimPurifies the soul from fear and reliance on others
True Tawḥīd frees the heart from servitude to creation.Foundation of all worship and good deeds
Without Tawḥīd, deeds are void.Protection from Hellfire
إِنَّهُ مَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ
“Indeed, he who associates others with Allah – Allah has forbidden Paradise for him.”
— Surah Al-Mā’idah (5:72)
Shirk – The Opposite of Tawḥīd
Shirk (polytheism) is the gravest violation of Tawḥīd and the greatest sin in Islam.
Major Shirk: Associating partners with Allah in worship – unforgivable if not repented.
Minor Shirk: Showing off (riya), swearing by other than Allah, etc.
فَلَا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَدًا
“So do not invoke anyone along with Allah.”
— Surah Al-Jinn (72:18)
Conclusion
Tawḥīd is the heartbeat of Islamic belief, the message of every Prophet, and the very reason for human existence. It defines our purpose: to worship Allah alone, love Him above all else, and submit wholly to His will.
وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ
“And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me.”
— Surah Adh-Dhāriyāt (51:56)
Understanding and living by Tawḥīd brings true peace, guidance, and eternal success.
4. Prophethood and Divine Revelation
📘 Prophethood and Divine Revelation in the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
1. Prophethood is a Divine Selection (النبوة اصطفاء إلهي)
Allah chooses His prophets from among human beings, not based on worldly status but on piety and purity.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ
“Allah chooses messengers from the angels and from the people.”
📚 Surah Al-Hajj: 75
This verse confirms that prophethood is not earned but is granted by Allah to whom He wills.
2. Purpose of Prophets: Guidance and Teaching
Prophets were sent to convey Allah’s message, guide mankind, teach the Book and wisdom, and purify souls.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ
“It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses, purifying them, and teaching them the Book and wisdom.”
📚 Surah Al-Jumu’ah: 2
3. Finality of Prophethood (خَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ)
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the last and final messenger; no new prophet will come after him.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن رَّسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ
“Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets.”
📚 Surah Al-Ahzab: 40
4. Revelation (الوحي) is the Means of Divine Communication
Wahy (Revelation) is how Allah conveys His commands to the prophets—either through inspiration, speech from behind a veil, or via Angel Jibril.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا
“It is not for a human being that Allah should speak to him except by revelation, or from behind a veil, or by sending a messenger.”
📚 Surah Ash-Shura: 51
5. The Qur’an is the Final Revelation
The Qur’an is the last and complete revelation, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, preserved and protected by Allah.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ
“Indeed, We have sent down the Reminder (Qur’an), and indeed, We will preserve it.”
📚 Surah Al-Hijr: 9
6. Sunnah Confirms and Clarifies Revelation
The Prophet ﷺ explained the revelation through his speech, actions, and approvals—this is the Sunnah.
📖 Evidence (Hadith):
أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ
“Be aware! I have been given the Qur’an and something like it along with it.”
📚 Sunan Abu Dawud
This hadith shows the authority of the Sunnah alongside the Qur’an in guiding the Ummah.
Summary of Key Evidences (دلائل):
اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ – Surah Al-Hajj: 75
هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ… – Surah Al-Jumu‘ah: 2
خَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ – Surah Al-Ahzab: 40
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا… – Surah Ash-Shura: 51
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ… – Surah Al-Hijr: 9
أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ – Hadith (Sunan Abu Dawud)
5. Five Pillars of Islam
🌟 The Five Pillars of Islam – In the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
1. Shahāda (شَهادَة) – Declaration of Faith
Meaning: To testify that:
“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad ﷺ is His Messenger.”
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Allah bears witness that there is no deity except Him, and [so do] the angels and those of knowledge – [that He is] maintaining [creation] in justice. There is no deity except Him, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.”
(Surah Aal-Imran 3:18)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Islam is built upon five (pillars): The testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger…”
(Bukhari, Hadith 8; Muslim, Hadith 16)
2. Salah (صَلاة) – Prayer
Meaning: Performing five daily prayers at specific times.
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Establish prayer, for prayer restrains from shameful and unjust deeds, and the remembrance of Allah is the greatest.”
(Surah Al-‘Ankabūt 29:45)
“Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.”
(Surah An-Nisā’ 4:103)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“The first thing for which a person will be brought to account on the Day of Resurrection will be his Salah.”
(Tirmidhi, Hadith 413)
3. Zakah (زَكاة) – Almsgiving
Meaning: Giving 2.5% of one’s wealth annually to the poor and needy.
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Establish prayer and give Zakah and obey the Messenger – that you may receive mercy.”
(Surah An-Nur 24:56)
“Take, [O Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase.”
(Surah At-Tawbah 9:103)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever is made wealthy by Allah and does not pay the Zakah of his wealth, then on the Day of Resurrection his wealth will be made like a bald-headed poisonous male snake…”
(Bukhari, Hadith 1403)
4. Sawm (صَوْم) – Fasting in Ramadan
Meaning: Abstaining from food, drink, and sinful actions from dawn till sunset during Ramadan.
Qur’anic Evidence:
“O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become righteous.”
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:183)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever fasts the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith and hoping for reward, all his previous sins will be forgiven.”
(Bukhari, Hadith 38)
5. Hajj (حَجّ) – Pilgrimage to Makkah
Meaning: Visiting the Ka‘bah in Makkah and performing rituals of Hajj once in a lifetime (if financially and physically able).
Qur’anic Evidence:
“Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to Allah by all who can make their way to it.”
(Surah Aal-Imran 3:97)
Hadith Evidence:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever performs Hajj and does not commit any obscenity or wrongdoing will come out as the day he was born – pure from sins.”
(Bukhari, Hadith 1521; Muslim, Hadith 1350)
🌙 Conclusion
The Five Pillars serve as the practical framework of a Muslim’s life and identity, rooted in clear teachings from the Qur’an and Sunnah. They encompass belief, worship, charity, discipline, and unity, shaping the spiritual and social lives of Muslims
6. Accountability and the Afterlife
5. Accountability and the Afterlife (یومِ حساب اور آخرت کا تصور)
🔶 Introduction
One of the most profound elements of Islamic belief is the conviction in accountability before Allah and the certainty of the Afterlife (الآخرة). This belief influences every Muslim’s moral compass and behavior, establishing the understanding that this worldly life is temporary and a test, and that every soul will be judged for its actions.
﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ ذَآئِقَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ ۖ وَإِنَّمَا تُوَفَّوْنَ أُجُورَكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ﴾
“Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your full compensation on the Day of Resurrection.”
— (Surah Āli ʿImrān 3:185)
🔶 Belief in the Afterlife: A Core Tenet of Faith
Belief in al-Ākhirah (the Hereafter) is among the six pillars of Īmān (faith) in Islam. A Muslim believes in:
Life after death
The resurrection (البعث)
The Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)
The weighing of deeds (الميزان)
The Sirāt (bridge over Hellfire)
Paradise (الجنة) and Hell (النار)
قال النبي ﷺ: “الإيمان أن تؤمن بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر، وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره.”
“Iman is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and in destiny—its good and bad.”
— (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: 8)
🔶 Accountability: Every Deed Will Be Judged
Islam teaches that human beings are responsible for their actions and will be judged accordingly. Nothing escapes Allah’s knowledge—whether done openly or in secret.
﴿فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًۭا يَرَهُۥ • وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ شَرًّۭا يَرَهُۥ﴾
“So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it.”
— (Surah al-Zalzalah 99:7–8)
﴿وَنَضَعُ ٱلْمَوَٰزِينَ ٱلْقِسْطَ لِيَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ فَلَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌۭ شَيْـًۭٔا﴾
“And We will set up the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be wronged in the least…”
— (Surah al-Anbiyāʾ 21:47)
The angels Kirāmān Kātibīn record every word and action:
﴿مَّا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ﴾
“Not a word does he utter except that with him is an observer ready [to record].”
— (Surah Qāf 50:18)
🔶 The Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)
This is the decisive day when all of creation will be gathered before Allah:
People will be raised from the graves.
Their books of deeds will be handed to them.
Witnesses will be brought forth: the angels, the earth, and even limbs.
﴿يَوْمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ وَأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ﴾
“The Day their tongues, their hands, and their feet will bear witness against them as to what they used to do.”
— (Surah al-Nūr 24:24)
🔶 Paradise and Hell: The Eternal Abodes
After judgment, every soul will be led to its eternal fate:
Paradise (Jannah) is a place of eternal bliss, peace, and nearness to Allah, for those who believed and did righteous deeds.
﴿جَزَآؤُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ جَنَّٰتُ عَدۡنٍۢ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدًۭا﴾
“Their reward with their Lord is gardens of perpetual residence beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever.”
— (Surah al-Bayyinah 98:8)
Hellfire (Jahannam) is the abode of punishment for those who disbelieved and rejected the truth.
﴿وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱلنَّارَ ٱلَّتِىٓ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَـٰفِرِينَ﴾
“And fear the Fire which has been prepared for the disbelievers.”
— (Surah Āli ʿImrān 3:131)
🔶 Practical Impact of This Belief
Belief in accountability:
Inspires ethical behavior and honesty even in private.
Discourages sin due to fear of divine justice.
Motivates repentance and spiritual growth.
Encourages patience in hardship and gratitude in prosperity, knowing this world is a test.
قال النبي ﷺ: “الكَيِّسُ مَن دانَ نَفْسَهُ، وعَمِلَ لِما بَعْدَ المَوْتِ.”
“The wise person is the one who holds himself accountable and works for what comes after death.”
— (Tirmidhī: 2459)
🔶 Conclusion
The Islamic belief in accountability and the afterlife gives meaning and direction to human life. It ensures that no deed—good or evil—goes unnoticed or unjudged. This belief cultivates God-consciousness (taqwā), personal responsibility, and a firm hope in Allah’s justice and mercy.
Would you like this formatted into a PDF or printable handout? Or shall I proceed to another article, such as “Belief in Angels” or “Belief in Divine Books”?
2. The Six Pillars of the Iman
1. Belief in Allah
Belief in Allah (الإيمان بالله) – In the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
🔶 Introduction
Belief in Allah (الإيمان بالله) is the first and most fundamental pillar of Islamic faith (Imān). It serves as the foundation upon which the entire structure of Islam is built. A Muslim’s identity, worship, moral conduct, and worldview all stem from this central belief.
قال النبي ﷺ: “الإيمان أن تؤمن بالله…”
“Imān is to believe in Allah…”
— (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: 8)
Belief in Allah encompasses affirming His existence, oneness (Tawḥīd), attributes, and rights, and rejecting all forms of shirk (associating partners with Him).
🔶 1. Affirming the Existence of Allah (وجود الله)
The existence of Allah is self-evident through reason, human instinct (fiṭrah), and divine revelation.
🔹 Qur’anic Evidence:
﴿أَفِي ٱللَّهِ شَكٌّۭ فَاطِرِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ﴾
“Is there any doubt about Allah, the Creator of the heavens and the earth?”
— (Surah Ibrāhīm 14:10)
🔹 Reflection in Creation:
﴿إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَٱخْتِلَـٰفِ ٱلَّيْلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍۢ لِّأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَلْبَـٰبِ﴾
“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and day are signs for those of understanding.”
— (Surah Āli ʿImrān 3:190)
🔶 2. Belief in the Oneness of Allah (توحيد – One Lord, No Partner)
Belief in Allah is incomplete without Tawḥīd—the belief that Allah is One in His essence, names, attributes, and actions.
Tawḥīd is divided into three categories:
Tawḥīd al-Rubūbiyyah (Oneness in Lordship)
Belief that Allah alone is the Creator, Sustainer, and Controller of the universe.﴿اللَّهُ خَـٰلِقُ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ﴾
“Allah is the Creator of all things.”
— (Surah al-Zumar 39:62)Tawḥīd al-Ulūhiyyah (Oneness in Worship)
Allah alone deserves to be worshipped—with no idols, intermediaries, or rivals.﴿وَمَا خَلَقْتُ ٱلْجِنَّ وَٱلْإِنسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ﴾
“And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me.”
— (Surah al-Dhāriyāt 51:56)Tawḥīd al-Asmāʾ wa al-Ṣifāt (Oneness in Names and Attributes)
Allah has unique names and attributes. We affirm them as revealed, without altering or likening them to creation.﴿وَلِلَّهِ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ فَٱدْعُوهُ بِهَا﴾
“And to Allah belong the most beautiful names, so call upon Him by them.”
— (Surah al-Aʿrāf 7:180)
🔶 3. Rejecting Shirk (شرک) – The Opposite of Tawḥīd
Shirk—associating partners with Allah—is the gravest sin in Islam. It includes idol worship, invoking saints, or believing others share in Allah’s powers.
﴿إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِۦ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ﴾
“Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating others with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills.”
— (Surah al-Nisāʾ 4:48)
🔶 4. Belief in Allah’s Names and Attributes (أسماء الله وصفاته)
Allah has revealed many names and attributes describing His majesty, mercy, knowledge, and justice.
🔹 Examples from Qur’an:
الرَّحْمَٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ (The Most Merciful, the Compassionate)
ٱلْعَلِيمُ (The All-Knowing)
ٱلْقُدُّوسُ (The Pure and Holy)
ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ (The Mighty, the Wise)
﴿هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ عَـٰلِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِ …﴾
(Read full list in Surah al-Ḥashr 59:22–24)
🔹 Hadith Evidence:
قال النبي ﷺ: “إن لله تسعةً وتسعينَ اسمًا، مائةً إلا واحدًا، من أحصاها دخلَ الجنَّة.”
“Allah has 99 names; whoever memorizes and understands them will enter Paradise.”
— (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: 2736, Muslim: 2677)
🔶 5. Practical Effects of Belief in Allah
Belief in Allah is not just a theological idea—it transforms character and action:
Tawakkul (Reliance on Allah)
Shukr (Gratitude to Allah)
Sabr (Patience during trials)
Taqwā (God-consciousness)
Ikhlāṣ (Sincerity in worship)
﴿فَاعْبُدْهُ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَيْهِ﴾
“So worship Him and rely upon Him.”
— (Surah Hūd 11:123)
🔶 Conclusion
Belief in Allah is the foundation of Islamic faith and practice. It requires affirmation of His oneness, worship of Him alone, acceptance of His names and attributes, and rejection of all forms of shirk. This belief shapes a Muslim’s entire life—turning every action into worship, and every trial into a test of faith.
﴿إِنَّمَا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ ٱللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ…﴾
“The true believers are only those whose hearts tremble when Allah is mentioned…”
— (Surah al-Anfāl 8:2)
2. Belief in His Angels
Belief in His Angels (الإيمان بالملائكة) – In the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
🔶 Introduction
Belief in angels is one of the six pillars of Imān (faith) in Islam. It is an essential part of a Muslim’s creed, as confirmed in the Qur’an and Hadith. Angels are noble, sinless, and unseen beings created by Allah from light (nūr) who perform specific duties assigned to them.
قال النبي ﷺ:
“أن تؤمن بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر، وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره.”
“Iman is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and in destiny—its good and bad.”
— (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: 8)
🔶 1. Creation and Nature of Angels
Angels are created from nūr (light).
They are incapable of sin and always obey Allah.
They have no free will, unlike humans or jinn.
قال النبي ﷺ:
“خُلِقَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ نُورٍ…”
“The angels were created from light…”
— (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: 2996)
﴿لَا يَعْصُونَ ٱللَّهَ مَآ أَمَرَهُمْ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا يُؤْمَرُونَ﴾
“They do not disobey Allah in what He commands them, but do as they are commanded.”
— (Surah al-Taḥrīm 66:6)
🔶 2. Names and Roles of Prominent Angels
Islam teaches the names of certain well-known angels, each with designated duties:
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Jibrīl (جبريل) | Delivered revelation (Waḥy) to prophets. |
| Mīkā’īl (ميكائيل) | Controls weather, rain, and provisions. |
| Isrāfīl (إسرافيل) | Will blow the Trumpet (Ṣūr) to start the Day of Judgment. |
| Malak al-Mawt (ملك الموت) | Angel of Death; extracts souls at death. |
| Munkar & Nakīr (منكر ونكير) | Question the dead in the grave. |
| Raqīb & ʿAtīd (رقيب وعتيد) | Record every action of humans. |
| Mālik (مالك) | Guardian of Hell. |
| Riḍwān (رضوان) | Gatekeeper of Paradise. |
﴿مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّۭا لِّلَّهِ وَمَلَـٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَىٰلَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَدُوٌّۭ لِّلْكَـٰفِرِينَ﴾
“Whoever is an enemy to Allah, His angels, His messengers, Jibrīl and Mīkā’īl – then indeed, Allah is an enemy to the disbelievers.”
— (Surah al-Baqarah 2:98)
🔶 3. Duties of Angels
Angels carry out a wide variety of tasks:
🔹 a. Revelation (Waḥy)
Jibrīl brought the Qur’an to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
﴿نَزَلَ بِهِ ٱلرُّوحُ ٱلْأَمِينُ • عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلْمُنذِرِينَ﴾
“The Trustworthy Spirit (Jibrīl) brought it down upon your heart, [O Muhammad], that you may be among the warners.”
— (Surah al-Shuʿarāʾ 26:193–194)
🔹 b. Recording Deeds
Raqīb and ʿAtīd record all actions of humans.
﴿مَّا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ﴾
“Not a word does he utter except that with him is an observer ready [to record].”
— (Surah Qāf 50:18)
🔹 c. Extraction of Souls
Malak al-Mawt removes the soul at death.
﴿قُلْ يَتَوَفَّىٰكُم مَّلَكُ ٱلْمَوْتِ ٱلَّذِى وُكِّلَ بِكُمْ﴾
“Say, the Angel of Death who is set over you will take your soul.”
— (Surah al-Sajdah 32:11)
🔹 d. Protection and Support
Angels guard and protect believers.
﴿لَهُۥ مُعَقِّبَـٰتٌۭ مِّنۢ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِۦ يَحْفَظُونَهُۥ مِنْ أَمْرِ ٱللَّهِ﴾
“For him are successive angels before and behind, protecting him by the command of Allah.”
— (Surah al-Raʿd 13:11)
🔹 e. Questioning in the Grave
Munkar and Nakīr question the deceased:
Who is your Lord? What is your religion? Who is your Prophet?
🔶 4. Belief in Angels: A Sign of True Faith
A Muslim must:
Affirm their existence,
Respect their roles,
Avoid cursing or denying them,
Avoid actions that drive angels away, such as impurity or foul language.
قال النبي ﷺ:
“إن الملائكة لا تدخل بيتا فيه كلب ولا صورة.”
“Angels do not enter a house where there is a dog or an image (of a living creature).”
— (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: 3225)
🔶 5. The Impact of This Belief
Belief in angels nurtures:
God-consciousness (taqwā) – Knowing that angels are recording every action.
Hope and patience – Realizing that angels bring mercy and help.
Gratitude – Appreciating the invisible help Allah sends.
Respect for the unseen (ghayb) – Training the heart to trust divine realities.
🔶 Conclusion
Belief in angels is a profound part of Islam’s unseen world. It strengthens the heart, disciplines the soul, and connects believers to a world beyond the physical. Muslims are encouraged to learn about the angels’ duties and live in a way that invites their presence and avoids their absence.
﴿ءَامَنَ ٱلرَّسُولُ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۚ كُلٌّ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَـٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِ﴾
“The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and [so have] the believers—all of them have believed in Allah, His angels, His books, and His messengers.”
— (Surah al-Baqarah 2:285)
3. Belief in His Books
📘 Belief in His Books (الإيمان بكتبه) – In the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
🔷 Introduction
Belief in Allah’s revealed Books is the third pillar of Imān. A Muslim must believe that Allah revealed divine scriptures to His messengers as guidance for humanity. These books contain the commands, laws, wisdom, and teachings from Allah. Belief in the Books is not merely acknowledging their existence, but also respecting, following, and living by them.
قال الله تعالى:
﴿يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَـٰبِ ٱلَّذِى نَزَّلَ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَـٰبِ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ مِن قَبْلُ﴾
“O you who believe! Believe in Allah, His Messenger, the Book which He has sent to His Messenger, and the Scripture which He sent down before.”
— (Surah al-Nisāʾ 4:136)
🔷 1. Definition and Meaning of Belief in the Books
Belief in the Books means:
Accepting that Allah sent divine Books to His prophets.
Believing that these books were truth from Allah, free from error when first revealed.
Confirming that some scriptures were for specific nations, while the Qur’an is universal and final.
Respecting all Books, but following only the Qur’an as the last and preserved revelation.
🔷 2. The Revealed Books Mentioned in the Qur’an
The Qur’an names four major divine Books:
| 📘 Book | 🕊️ Prophet | 📍 Ummah/Nation |
|---|---|---|
| Tawrāh (توراة) | Mūsā (Moses) عليه السلام | Banū Isrā’īl (Children of Israel) |
| Zabūr (زَبور) | Dāwūd (David) عليه السلام | Children of Israel |
| Injīl (إنجيل) | ʿĪsā (Jesus) عليه السلام | Children of Israel |
| Qur’ān (القرآن) | Muḥammad ﷺ | All of humanity (universal) |
There were also other scriptures revealed:
﴿إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَفِى ٱلصُّحُفِ ٱلْأُولَىٰ • صُحُفِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ﴾
“Indeed, this is in the former Scriptures — the Scriptures of Ibrāhīm and Mūsā.”
— (Surah al-Aʿlā 87:18–19)
🔷 3. Characteristics of Allah’s Books
Revealed in truth and for guidance.
Teach monotheism (Tawḥīd) and righteous conduct.
Support and confirm each other (the Qur’an confirms the truth in earlier books).
Earlier books were corrupted or lost, but the Qur’an is preserved and final.
﴿نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ بِٱلْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًۭا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَأَنزَلَ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ وَٱلْإِنجِيلَ﴾
“He has sent down upon you [O Prophet] the Book with truth, confirming what came before it. And He revealed the Tawrāh and the Injīl.”
— (Surah Āl ʿImrān 3:3)
🔷 4. The Qur’an: The Final and Preserved Book
The Qur’an is the last and final revelation, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ over 23 years. It is:
A miracle in language, law, and guidance.
Complete and eternal, preserved by Allah Himself.
A criterion (Furqān) to judge truth and falsehood.
﴿إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا ٱلذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُۥ لَحَـٰفِظُونَ﴾
“Indeed, We revealed the Reminder (Qur’an), and indeed, We will guard it.”
— (Surah al-Ḥijr 15:9)
قال النبي ﷺ:
“أفضل الكلام كلام الله، وخير الهدي هدي محمد.”
“The best speech is the Speech of Allah, and the best guidance is the guidance of Muhammad.”
— (Sunan al-Nasāʾī: 1578)
🔷 5. The Corruption of Earlier Scriptures
Islam teaches that previous scriptures were altered or lost:
﴿يُحَرِّفُونَ ٱلْكَلِمَ عَن مَّوَاضِعِهِ﴾
“They distort the words from their [right] places.”
— (Surah al-Nisāʾ 4:46)
﴿فَوَيْلٌۭ لِّلَّذِينَ يَكْتُبُونَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ هَـٰذَا مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ﴾
“So woe to those who write the Book with their own hands then say: ‘This is from Allah.’”
— (Surah al-Baqarah 2:79)
Hence, Muslims believe in the original forms of the earlier Books, but do not follow their current versions due to alteration.
🔷 6. Effects of Belief in Allah’s Books
Belief in Allah’s Books leads to:
Reverence for divine guidance.
Appreciation of Prophetic missions.
Gratitude for the preserved Qur’an.
Living by the Qur’an as a daily guide.
Unity among believers, knowing all true revelations come from the same source.
🔷 Conclusion
Belief in the revealed Books of Allah is essential to Islamic faith. It connects the Muslim to the legacy of divine guidance across generations, and it emphasizes the importance of the Qur’an as the ultimate and eternal source of truth. A Muslim must read, understand, implement, and reflect upon the Qur’an, while respecting the original forms of previous scriptures.
﴿وَهَـٰذَا كِتَـٰبٌ أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ مُبَارَكٌ فَٱتَّبِعُوهُ وَٱتَّقُوا۟﴾
“And this is a blessed Book which We have sent down, so follow it and be conscious [of Allah].”
— (Surah al-Anʿām 6:155)
4. Belief in His Messengers
🌟 Belief in His Messengers (الإيمان بالرسل) – In the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
✅ Definition:
Belief in Allah’s Messengers means having firm faith that:
Allah sent chosen men to every nation to guide them,
They conveyed the message of Tawḥīd (Oneness of Allah),
They were truthful, trustworthy, and divinely inspired, and
Muhammad ﷺ is the final and last prophet.
🔹 1. Belief in All the Prophets
📖 Qur’an:
“Indeed, We have sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and a warner. And there was never a nation but a warner had passed among them.”
(Surah Fatir 35:24)
“Say [O Muhammad], ‘We believe in Allah and in what was revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob… and in what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them.’”
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:136)
📝 We must believe in all prophets, including:
Adam (the first Prophet)
Nuh (Noah)
Ibrahim (Abraham)
Musa (Moses)
ʿIsa (Jesus)
Muhammad ﷺ (the final Messenger)
🔹 2. Purpose of the Messengers
Allah sent messengers to:
Guide people to the truth,
Deliver divine revelation (books),
Invite to worship of Allah alone, and
Warn against shirk, sin, and disbelief.
📖 Qur’an:
“And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], ‘Worship Allah and avoid false gods.’”
(Surah An-Nahl 16:36)
🔹 3. Prophets are Human, Not Divine
The messengers were human beings, not gods or sons of God.
They ate, slept, married, and lived like other people — but were chosen by Allah.
📖 Qur’an:
“Say, ‘I am only a man like you, to whom has been revealed that your god is One God.’”
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:110)
🔹 4. Muhammad ﷺ is the Final Messenger
📖 Qur’an:
“Muhammad is not the father of any one of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets.”
(Surah Al-Ahzab 33:40)
📘 Hadith:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“I am the last in the line of the prophets, and there is no prophet after me.”
(Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2286)
🔹 5. Rejection of Any Prophet = Rejection of Islam
Belief in all prophets is part of the Islamic creed.
Denying even one prophet is kufr (disbelief).
📖 Qur’an:
“Indeed, those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers and wish to differentiate between Allah and His messengers… – they are the disbelievers truly.”
(Surah An-Nisa 4:150-151)
🧠 Wisdom Behind Belief in Messengers
Shows Allah’s mercy and care for humanity
Provides a model for righteous living
Unites all believers under the same divine truth
Confirms that faith must be based on revelation, not desire
✅ Conclusion
Belief in the messengers is essential to being a true Muslim.
We must:
Believe in all prophets sent by Allah,
Follow Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as the final messenger,
Respect all previous messengers without exaggeration or denial.
“The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and so have the believers… We make no distinction between any of His messengers.”
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:285)
5. Belief in The Last Day
📘 Belief in the Last Day (الإيمان باليوم الآخر) in the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
1. Definition of Belief in the Last Day
Belief in the Last Day means to firmly accept everything that will happen after death, such as:
The questioning in the grave,
Resurrection (البعث),
Gathering (الحشر),
Judgment (الحساب),
Paradise (الجنة),
Hellfire (النار),
And all unseen events related to the Hereafter.
2. Importance of Belief in the Last Day
It is one of the six pillars of faith (أركان الإيمان). Denial of it is disbelief.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ
“And who believe in what has been revealed to you and what was revealed before you, and of the Hereafter they are certain.”
📚 Surah Al-Baqarah: 4
3. The Reality of Resurrection and Reckoning
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ
“Allah – there is no deity except Him – will surely assemble you for the Day of Resurrection, about which there is no doubt.”
📚 Surah An-Nisa: 87
4. The Day of Judgment is a Certainty
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
إِنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَّا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
“Indeed, the Hour is coming – there is no doubt about it – but most of the people do not believe.”
📚 Surah Ghafir: 59
5. The Prophet ﷺ Emphasized It in Hadith
📖 Evidence (Hadith):
أن تؤمن بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر، وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره
“That you believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and in Qadar – the good and bad of it.”
📚 Hadith Jibril – Sahih Muslim
6. Description of Events of the Last Day
Grave (القبر): Trial and questioning
Resurrection (البعث): All people raised from their graves
Judgment (الحساب): Deeds weighed, accounts settled
Siraat (الصراط): A bridge over Hellfire
Jannah & Jahannam: Final eternal destinations
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
فَمَن ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ، وَمَنْ خَفَّتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ
“Then those whose scales are heavy – it is they who will be successful. And those whose scales are light – it is they who have lost their souls.”
📚 Surah Al-A’raf: 8–9
✅ Summary of Arabic Evidences
وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ – البقرة: 4
لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ – النساء: 87
إِنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ – غافر: 59
أن تؤمن بالله… واليوم الآخر – صحيح مسلم
فَمَن ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ… – الأعراف: 8–9
6. Belief in Qadr (Divine Decree) – both good and bad
🌟 Belief in Qadr (الایمان بالقدر) – Divine Decree – in the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
Belief in Qadr (divine decree) is the sixth pillar of Imān, and it means having complete faith that everything that happens, good or bad, is by Allah’s knowledge, will, and plan.
✅ 1. Definition of Qadr
Qadr means that Allah has predestined all things, and whatever happens in the universe occurs according to His prior knowledge, will, and power.
There are four components of belief in Qadr:
ʿIlm (علم) – Allah knows everything: past, present, and future.
Kitābah (کتابہ) – Allah has written everything in the Preserved Tablet (لوحِ محفوظ).
Mashī’ah (مشیئۃ) – Whatever Allah wills happens; what He does not will does not happen.
Khalq (خلق) – Allah is the Creator of everything, including human actions.
📖 Qadr in the Light of the Qur’an
🔹 1. Allah’s Knowledge is Complete
“Indeed, Allah is knowing of all things.”
(Surah Al-Anfal 8:75)
“Not a leaf falls but that He knows it.”
(Surah Al-An’am 6:59)
🔹 2. Everything is Written
“Indeed, We have created all things with Qadr.”
(Surah Al-Qamar 54:49)
“No calamity befalls on the earth or in yourselves but it is inscribed in the Book of Decrees (Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz) before We bring it into existence. Verily, that is easy for Allah.”
(Surah Al-Hadid 57:22)
🔹 3. Allah’s Will is Supreme
“And you do not will except that Allah wills – Lord of the worlds.”
(Surah At-Takwir 81:29)
🔹 4. Creation is in Allah’s Hands
“Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs.”
(Surah Az-Zumar 39:62)
📘 Qadr in the Light of Sunnah
🔸 Hadith of Jibril (Six Articles of Faith):
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“It is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in divine decree (Qadr), both the good and the bad of it.”
(Sahih Muslim, Hadith 8)
🔸 Hadith – Everything is Written
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Allah wrote down the decrees of creation fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth.”
(Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2653)
🔸 Hadith – Accepting Destiny
“Know that what has passed you by was not going to befall you, and what has befallen you was not going to pass you by.”
(Sunan Abu Dawud, Hadith 4699 – Hasan Sahih)
🧠 Wisdom Behind Belief in Qadr
Builds trust in Allah in every situation – good or bad.
Encourages contentment and patience in hardship.
Removes jealousy – you accept what Allah has given to others.
Balances between effort and tawakkul (reliance on Allah).
Helps avoid pride – knowing success is by Allah’s will.
⚠️ Misconceptions about Qadr
❌ Some think that belief in Qadr means no need for effort — this is incorrect.
👉 Islam teaches to work hard and trust Allah for the result.
“Strive, for everyone is facilitated towards that for which he was created.”
(Sahih Bukhari & Muslim)
✅ Conclusion
Belief in Qadr – the good and the bad – is a core part of faith.
It teaches Muslims to live with patience, humility, and hope, knowing that Allah’s wisdom is perfect, even when we don’t understand the outcome.
1. Islam is the Only True Religion Accepted by Allah.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ
“Indeed, the religion in the sight of Allah is Islam.”
(Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:19)
This verse clearly affirms that Islam is the only religion approved by Allah. All other belief systems are man-made or altered over time. Islam, as revealed to all prophets, has always been the one true path.
2. No Religion Other than Islam Will Be Accepted.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي ٱلْآخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلْخَـٰسِرِينَ
“And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers.”
(Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:85)
This verse shows that after the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, no other religion is valid. Islam is now the final and complete path to salvation.
3. Islam is the Same Message Given to All Prophets.
Evidence from the Qur’an:
شَرَعَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ
“He has ordained for you the same religion which He enjoined upon Noah, and that which We have revealed to you, and what We enjoined upon Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.”
(Surah Ash-Shura, 42:13)
This verse confirms that the core message of Islam—belief in One God and righteous living—was given to all prophets. Islam is not a new religion, but the continuation and perfection of the same divine message.
4. The Five Pillars of Islam Define the Religion Practically.
Evidence from Hadith (Sahih Muslim):
الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمداً رسول الله، وتقيم الصلاة، وتؤتي الزكاة، وتصوم رمضان، وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلاً
“Islam is to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to give Zakah, to fast during Ramadan, and to perform Hajj if able.”
(Hadith of Jibreel – Sahih Muslim)
This Hadith defines Islam by its five essential pillars. These are the acts of worship and duties every Muslim must observe as outward signs of faith and obedience.
5. The Purpose of Islam is to Perfect Moral Character.
Evidence from Hadith (Musnad Ahmad):
إنما بُعثت لأتمم مكارم الأخلاق
“I have been sent only to perfect noble character.”
(Musnad Ahmad)
This Hadith highlights that Islam is not just about rituals and beliefs; it also aims to reform personal behavior and establish a society built on ethical conduct and compassion.
Summary in Points with Arabic Evidences:
📜 قائمة الأدلة عن الإسلام:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ
📚 سورة آل عمران: ١٩وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ
📚 سورة آل عمران: ٨٥شَرَعَ لَكُم مِّنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ
📚 سورة الشورى: ١٣الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدًا رسول الله، وتقيم الصلاة، وتؤتي الزكاة، وتصوم رمضان، وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلًا
📚 صحيح مسلمإنما بُعثت لأتمم مكارم الأخلاق
📚 مسند أحمد
Islam as a Complete Way of Life — In the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah
Introduction
Islam is not merely a religion of rituals or worship limited to the mosque — it is a complete and comprehensive system of life that governs every aspect of human existence: spiritual, moral, social, economic, political, legal, and personal. It provides guidance for individuals and societies alike, rooted in the Qur’an (the final revelation) and the Sunnah (the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ’s teachings and practices).
This all-encompassing nature of Islam makes it a Deen (دِين) — a divine system of living — rather than just a set of religious beliefs.
1. Islam’s Comprehensiveness in the Qur’an
The Qur’an clearly affirms that Islam provides guidance in all aspects of life:
الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا
“This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as your religion.”
— Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:3)
This verse signifies that no part of human life is outside the scope of Islamic guidance.
وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ
“And We have sent down to you the Book as clarification for all things…”
— Surah An-Nahl (16:89)
The Qur’an provides a foundation for beliefs, acts of worship, ethics, justice, family life, governance, economics, and international relations.
2. The Sunnah as Practical Implementation
The Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ serves as the living explanation of the Qur’an. His life is the model for every Muslim.
لَّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ
“Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example…”
— Surah Al-Ahzab (33:21)
His Sunnah covers all aspects of life: worship, family, leadership, commerce, war and peace, personal habits, and moral behavior.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ أَمْرَيْنِ لَنْ تَضِلُّوا مَا تَمَسَّكْتُمْ بِهِمَا: كِتَابَ اللهِ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ
“I have left among you two matters; you will never go astray as long as you hold fast to them: the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet.”
— Muwatta’ Imam Malik
3. Islam as a Spiritual and Moral Code
Islam emphasizes a direct relationship with Allah through acts of worship (Ibadat):
Faith (Iman)
Prayer (Salah)
Fasting (Sawm)
Charity (Zakah)
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
It also instills a comprehensive ethical code, including:
Truthfulness, honesty, humility
Respect for parents and elders
Justice and mercy
Avoiding pride, envy, greed
إِنَّ اللّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالإِحْسَانِ
“Indeed, Allah commands justice and excellence…”
— Surah An-Nahl (16:90)
4. Islam and Social Life
Islam lays strong foundations for family life, community relations, and human rights:
Marriage and parental responsibilities
Rights of neighbors, the poor, and the elderly
Equality and brotherhood of humanity
Prohibition of racism and tribalism
إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ
“Indeed, the believers are but brothers.”
— Surah Al-Hujurat (49:10)
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari & Muslim
5. Islam and Economic Principles
Islam has a unique economic system based on justice, fairness, and prohibition of exploitation:
Prohibition of Riba (usury)
Encouragement of trade and entrepreneurship
Zakah and Sadaqah to uplift the poor
Fair dealings, transparency in business
وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا
“Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury.”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:275)
6. Islam in Politics and Governance
Islam offers guidance for justice in leadership, accountability, consultation (Shura), and rights of citizens. The Prophet ﷺ established a state based on rule of law, mutual responsibility, and moral governance in Madinah.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا…
“Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice…”
— Surah An-Nisa (4:58)
7. Islam and Personal Development
Islam nurtures personal growth and inner discipline through:
Self-purification (Tazkiyah)
Knowledge-seeking (Ilm)
Time management and productivity
Balance between Dunya (world) and Akhirah (Hereafter)
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّاهَا • وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّاهَا
“Successful is the one who purifies it [the soul], and ruined is the one who corrupts it.”
— Surah Ash-Shams (91:9-10)
Conclusion
Islam is not confined to the prayer mat or the masjid — it is a universal, practical, and complete system that integrates belief and action, faith and reason, individual and society. Its teachings, derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah, cover every field of life, offering the best framework for justice, peace, and human flourishing.
To truly follow Islam is to live it — in the home, workplace, market, government, and heart — under the ultimate sovereignty of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى).
وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حُكْمًا لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ
“And who is better than Allah in judgment for a people who have certainty?”
— Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:50)
Tawḥīd (توحيد) – Belief in the Oneness of Allah
Definition and Importance
Tawḥīd (توحيد) is the central doctrine of Islam and the foundation of a Muslim’s faith. Linguistically, it means “unification” or “to declare as one.” In Islamic theology, it refers to the absolute oneness, uniqueness, and exclusivity of Allah (God) in His essence, attributes, actions, and worship.
Tawḥīd is the first pillar of Islam, as encapsulated in the Shahadah (شهادة):
لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
Without Tawḥīd, no deed or worship is accepted in Islam. It is the line between belief and disbelief, and the essence of all prophetic messages.
Types of Tawḥīd
Islamic scholars traditionally classify Tawḥīd into three categories, all derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah:
1. Tawḥīd al-Rubūbiyyah (توحيد الربوبية)
Oneness of Allah’s Lordship
This means affirming that Allah alone is the Creator, Sustainer, Owner, and Controller of the universe.
اللَّهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ
“Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs.”
— Surah Az-Zumar (39:62)
Even the polytheists of Quraysh accepted this type of Tawḥīd, yet they were still declared disbelievers due to violating Tawḥīd in worship.
2. Tawḥīd al-Ulūhiyyah (توحيد الألوهية)
Oneness of Allah in Worship
This is to direct all forms of worship — such as prayer, supplication, fear, hope, trust, sacrifice — to Allah alone.
وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ
“And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion…”
— Surah Al-Bayyinah (98:5)
Associating partners with Allah in worship (shirk) is the greatest sin in Islam.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ
“Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating partners with Him…”
— Surah An-Nisa (4:48)
3. Tawḥīd al-Asmāʾ wa al-Ṣifāt (توحيد الأسماء والصفات)
Oneness of Allah’s Names and Attributes
This means affirming all of Allah’s Names and Attributes as mentioned in the Qur’an and Sunnah, without distortion (taḥrīf), denial (taʿṭīl), likening (tashbīh), or asking how (takyīf).
وَلِلَّهِ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ فَادْعُوهُ بِهَا
“And to Allah belong the best names, so call upon Him by them…”
— Surah Al-A‘rāf (7:180)
Examples include:
Al-Raḥmān (الرَّحْمٰن) – The Most Merciful
Al-‘Alīm (العليم) – The All-Knowing
Al-Ṣamād (الصَّمَد) – The Self-Sufficient
Tawḥīd in the Life and Mission of the Prophets
Every Prophet and Messenger came with the same core message: Tawḥīd.
وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ
“And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], ‘Worship Allah and avoid false deities.’”
— Surah An-Naḥl (16:36)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ spent 13 years in Makkah calling to pure monotheism before any legal rulings or rituals were introduced. His mission was to purify people’s beliefs and bring them back to the worship of the One True God.
Virtues of Tawḥīd
Leads to salvation and Paradise
“Whoever dies while knowing that there is no god but Allah will enter Paradise.”
— Sahih MuslimPurifies the soul from fear and reliance on others
True Tawḥīd frees the heart from servitude to creation.Foundation of all worship and good deeds
Without Tawḥīd, deeds are void.Protection from Hellfire
إِنَّهُ مَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ
“Indeed, he who associates others with Allah – Allah has forbidden Paradise for him.”
— Surah Al-Mā’idah (5:72)
Shirk – The Opposite of Tawḥīd
Shirk (polytheism) is the gravest violation of Tawḥīd and the greatest sin in Islam.
Major Shirk: Associating partners with Allah in worship – unforgivable if not repented.
Minor Shirk: Showing off (riya), swearing by other than Allah, etc.
فَلَا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَدًا
“So do not invoke anyone along with Allah.”
— Surah Al-Jinn (72:18)
Conclusion
Tawḥīd is the heartbeat of Islamic belief, the message of every Prophet, and the very reason for human existence. It defines our purpose: to worship Allah alone, love Him above all else, and submit wholly to His will.
وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ
“And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me.”
— Surah Adh-Dhāriyāt (51:56)
Understanding and living by Tawḥīd brings true peace, guidance, and eternal success.
📘 Prophethood and Divine Revelation in the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah
1. Prophethood is a Divine Selection (النبوة اصطفاء إلهي)
Allah chooses His prophets from among human beings, not based on worldly status but on piety and purity.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ
“Allah chooses messengers from the angels and from the people.”
📚 Surah Al-Hajj: 75
This verse confirms that prophethood is not earned but is granted by Allah to whom He wills.
2. Purpose of Prophets: Guidance and Teaching
Prophets were sent to convey Allah’s message, guide mankind, teach the Book and wisdom, and purify souls.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ
“It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses, purifying them, and teaching them the Book and wisdom.”
📚 Surah Al-Jumu’ah: 2
3. Finality of Prophethood (خَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ)
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the last and final messenger; no new prophet will come after him.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن رَّسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ
“Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets.”
📚 Surah Al-Ahzab: 40
4. Revelation (الوحي) is the Means of Divine Communication
Wahy (Revelation) is how Allah conveys His commands to the prophets—either through inspiration, speech from behind a veil, or via Angel Jibril.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا
“It is not for a human being that Allah should speak to him except by revelation, or from behind a veil, or by sending a messenger.”
📚 Surah Ash-Shura: 51
5. The Qur’an is the Final Revelation
The Qur’an is the last and complete revelation, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, preserved and protected by Allah.
📖 Evidence (Qur’an):
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ
“Indeed, We have sent down the Reminder (Qur’an), and indeed, We will preserve it.”
📚 Surah Al-Hijr: 9
6. Sunnah Confirms and Clarifies Revelation
The Prophet ﷺ explained the revelation through his speech, actions, and approvals—this is the Sunnah.
📖 Evidence (Hadith):
أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ
“Be aware! I have been given the Qur’an and something like it along with it.”
📚 Sunan Abu Dawud
This hadith shows the authority of the Sunnah alongside the Qur’an in guiding the Ummah.
Summary of Key Evidences (دلائل):
اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ النَّاسِ – Surah Al-Hajj: 75
هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ… – Surah Al-Jumu‘ah: 2
خَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ – Surah Al-Ahzab: 40
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا… – Surah Ash-Shura: 51
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ… – Surah Al-Hijr: 9
أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ – Hadith (Sunan Abu Dawud)
5. Accountability and the Afterlife (یومِ حساب اور آخرت کا تصور)
🔶 Introduction
One of the most profound elements of Islamic belief is the conviction in accountability before Allah and the certainty of the Afterlife (الآخرة). This belief influences every Muslim’s moral compass and behavior, establishing the understanding that this worldly life is temporary and a test, and that every soul will be judged for its actions.
﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ ذَآئِقَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ ۖ وَإِنَّمَا تُوَفَّوْنَ أُجُورَكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ﴾
“Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your full compensation on the Day of Resurrection.”
— (Surah Āli ʿImrān 3:185)
🔶 Belief in the Afterlife: A Core Tenet of Faith
Belief in al-Ākhirah (the Hereafter) is among the six pillars of Īmān (faith) in Islam. A Muslim believes in:
Life after death
The resurrection (البعث)
The Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)
The weighing of deeds (الميزان)
The Sirāt (bridge over Hellfire)
Paradise (الجنة) and Hell (النار)
قال النبي ﷺ: “الإيمان أن تؤمن بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر، وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره.”
“Iman is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and in destiny—its good and bad.”
— (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: 8)
🔶 Accountability: Every Deed Will Be Judged
Islam teaches that human beings are responsible for their actions and will be judged accordingly. Nothing escapes Allah’s knowledge—whether done openly or in secret.
﴿فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًۭا يَرَهُۥ • وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ شَرًّۭا يَرَهُۥ﴾
“So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it.”
— (Surah al-Zalzalah 99:7–8)
﴿وَنَضَعُ ٱلْمَوَٰزِينَ ٱلْقِسْطَ لِيَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ فَلَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌۭ شَيْـًۭٔا﴾
“And We will set up the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be wronged in the least…”
— (Surah al-Anbiyāʾ 21:47)
The angels Kirāmān Kātibīn record every word and action:
﴿مَّا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ﴾
“Not a word does he utter except that with him is an observer ready [to record].”
— (Surah Qāf 50:18)
🔶 The Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)
This is the decisive day when all of creation will be gathered before Allah:
People will be raised from the graves.
Their books of deeds will be handed to them.
Witnesses will be brought forth: the angels, the earth, and even limbs.
﴿يَوْمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ وَأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ﴾
“The Day their tongues, their hands, and their feet will bear witness against them as to what they used to do.”
— (Surah al-Nūr 24:24)
🔶 Paradise and Hell: The Eternal Abodes
After judgment, every soul will be led to its eternal fate:
Paradise (Jannah) is a place of eternal bliss, peace, and nearness to Allah, for those who believed and did righteous deeds.
﴿جَزَآؤُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ جَنَّٰتُ عَدۡنٍۢ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدًۭا﴾
“Their reward with their Lord is gardens of perpetual residence beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever.”
— (Surah al-Bayyinah 98:8)
Hellfire (Jahannam) is the abode of punishment for those who disbelieved and rejected the truth.
﴿وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱلنَّارَ ٱلَّتِىٓ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَـٰفِرِينَ﴾
“And fear the Fire which has been prepared for the disbelievers.”
— (Surah Āli ʿImrān 3:131)
🔶 Practical Impact of This Belief
Belief in accountability:
Inspires ethical behavior and honesty even in private.
Discourages sin due to fear of divine justice.
Motivates repentance and spiritual growth.
Encourages patience in hardship and gratitude in prosperity, knowing this world is a test.
قال النبي ﷺ: “الكَيِّسُ مَن دانَ نَفْسَهُ، وعَمِلَ لِما بَعْدَ المَوْتِ.”
“The wise person is the one who holds himself accountable and works for what comes after death.”
— (Tirmidhī: 2459)
🔶 Conclusion
The Islamic belief in accountability and the afterlife gives meaning and direction to human life. It ensures that no deed—good or evil—goes unnoticed or unjudged. This belief cultivates God-consciousness (taqwā), personal responsibility, and a firm hope in Allah’s justice and mercy.
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1. Shahadah (شَهادَة) – Declaration of Faith
Definition and Meaning:
The Shahadah (شَهادَة) is the Islamic declaration of faith and the first and most fundamental pillar of Islam. It consists of two concise statements:
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ
“I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
In Arabic, the word “Shahadah” derives from the root ش-ه-د (sh-h-d), meaning “to witness,” “to testify,” or “to bear witness.” The Shahadah is thus a testimony—a sincere and conscious affirmation of the oneness of Allah (Tawheed) and the finality of Prophethood with Muhammad ﷺ.
Components of the Shahadah:
First Part – Tawheed (توحید):
“لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ” – There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah.
This affirms monotheism, rejecting all forms of polytheism (shirk). It signifies total devotion, obedience, and servitude to Allah alone.Second Part – Risalah (رسالت):
“مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ” – Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
This affirms that Muhammad ﷺ is the final prophet, the seal of all messengers, and that his message (Islam) is the complete and final guidance for mankind.
Importance in Islam:
The Shahadah is the entry point into Islam. A person becomes a Muslim by sincerely reciting it with conviction.
It is recited during the call to prayer (Adhan), prayer (Salah), and various acts of worship.
It is a constant reminder of a Muslim’s belief and commitment to Allah and His Messenger.
It differentiates a believer (mu’min) from a non-believer (kafir).
Qur’anic References:
Surah Al-Imran (3:18):
“Allah bears witness that there is no deity except Him…”Surah Muhammad (47:19):
“So know [O Muhammad], that there is no deity except Allah, and ask forgiveness for your sin…”
Hadith References:
Sahih al-Bukhari:
The Prophet ﷺ said: “Whoever says ‘La ilaha illallah’ sincerely will enter Paradise.”Sahih Muslim:
“Islam is built upon five pillars: the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah…”
Conditions of the Shahadah:
Scholars have mentioned several conditions for the Shahadah to be valid and accepted:
Knowledge (العلم): Understanding its meaning.
Certainty (اليقين): No doubt in the belief.
Sincerity (الإخلاص): Pure intention for Allah.
Truthfulness (الصدق): Saying it honestly.
Love (المحبة): Loving the Shahadah and what it entails.
Submission (الانقياد): Acting upon it.
Acceptance (القبول): Accepting its consequences.
Conclusion:
The Shahadah is not a mere verbal statement—it is a lifelong commitment that defines the identity, actions, and worldview of a Muslim. It represents the core essence of Islamic theology, combining the oneness of Allah with the finality of Prophethood. Through it, a believer not only proclaims faith but enters a covenant with the Creator to live by His guidance.
2. Ṣalāh (صَلاة) – Prayer
🔶 Introduction
Ṣalāh (prayer) is the second pillar of Islam and the most emphasized form of worship after belief in Allah. It is the believer’s daily spiritual connection with the Creator. The Qur’an and Sunnah repeatedly emphasize its performance and the severe consequences of neglecting it.
﴿إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ تَنْهَىٰ عَنِ ٱلْفَحْشَآءِ وَٱلْمُنكَرِ﴾
“Indeed, prayer restrains from immorality and wrongdoing.”
— (Surah al-‘Ankabūt 29:45)
🔶 Definition of Ṣalāh
Linguistically (لغتاً): The word ṣalāh (صلاة) means supplication (duʿāʾ), mercy, or communication.
Technically (اصطلاحاً):
“أفعالٌ وأقوالٌ مفتتحةٌ بالتكبير ومختتمةٌ بالتسليم بشرائط مخصوصة.”
“A set of prescribed actions and sayings, beginning with Takbīr and ending with Salām, performed under specific conditions.”
🔶 Importance of Ṣalāh
The second pillar of Islam after the testimony of faith.
First deed questioned on the Day of Judgement:
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “أوَّلُ ما يُحاسَبُ به العبدُ يومَ القيامةِ من عملِه صلاتُه، فإن صلحتْ فقد أفلحَ وأنجحَ، وإن فسدتْ فقد خابَ وخسرَ.”
“The first thing a servant will be asked about on the Day of Judgment is his prayer. If it is sound, he will succeed; if it is corrupt, he will fail.”
— (Tirmidhī: 413)
Daily purification of sins.
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “أرأيتم لو أن نهرًا بباب أحدكم يغتسل منه كل يوم خمس مرات، هل يبقى من درنه شيء؟” قالوا: لا، قال: “فذلك مثل الصلوات الخمس، يمحو الله بهن الخطايا.”
“If one had a river at his door and bathed in it five times daily, would any dirt remain? Likewise, the five prayers erase sins.”
— (Bukhārī & Muslim)
🔶 Obligation of Ṣalāh
Prayer was made obligatory during the Night Journey (al-Isrāʾ wal-Miʿrāj). Originally 50 prayers, it was reduced to five with the reward of fifty.
﴿وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ لِذِكْرِى﴾
“Establish the prayer for My remembrance.”
— (Surah Tāhā 20:14)
﴿إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَٰبًۭا مَّوْقُوتًا﴾
“Verily, prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed times.”
— (Surah an-Nisāʾ 4:103)
🔶 The Five Daily Prayers and Their Timings
| Prayer | Arabic Name | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Dawn | الفجر | From dawn until sunrise |
| Noon | الظهر | After the sun passes zenith |
| Afternoon | العصر | Late afternoon before sunset |
| Sunset | المغرب | Immediately after sunset |
| Night | العشاء | After twilight until midnight |
🔶 Conditions (Shurūṭ) and Pillars (Arkān) of Prayer
Conditions (شروط):
Purity (طهارة) – from both hadath and najāsah
Covering ʿAwrah (ستر العورة)
Facing the Qiblah (استقبال القبلة)
Correct time (دخول الوقت)
Intention (نية)
Pillars (أركان):
Standing (القيام)
Recitation (القراءة) – including Sūrat al-Fātiḥah
Bowing (الركوع)
Prostration (السجود) – twice per cycle
Final Sitting (الجلوس للتشهد الأخير)
Taslim (السلام)
قال النبي ﷺ: “صلوا كما رأيتموني أصلي.”
“Pray as you have seen me praying.”
— (Bukhārī: 631)
🔶 Congregational Prayer (Ṣalāh al-Jamāʿah)
Prayer in congregation is highly emphasized for men, especially in the mosque.
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “صلاة الجماعة أفضل من صلاة الفذ بسبع وعشرين درجة.”
“The prayer in congregation is 27 times superior to the prayer performed individually.”
— (Bukhārī & Muslim)
Some narrations even threaten punishment for those neglecting congregational prayer without valid excuse.
🔶 Abandoning Prayer (ترك الصلاة)
Abandoning prayer is among the gravest sins.
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “بين الرجل وبين الكفر والشرك ترك الصلاة.”
“Between a man and disbelief and polytheism is the abandonment of prayer.”
— (Muslim: 82)
Imām Aḥmad and other scholars regarded the intentional abandoner as a disbeliever, while others considered him a major sinner.
🔶 Spiritual Benefits of Prayer
Direct communication with Allah
Cleanses the heart and soul
Teaches discipline, humility, and patience
Strengthens Imān and repels evil
Establishes regularity and inner peace
﴿وَٱسْتَعِينُوا۟ بِٱلصَّبْرِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ۚ وَإِنَّهَا لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلْخَـٰشِعِينَ﴾
“Seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, it is difficult except for the humble.”
— (Surah al-Baqarah 2:45)
🔶 Conclusion
Ṣalāh is the essence of a Muslim’s life. It is not just a ritual act, but a daily renewal of faith, a cleansing of the soul, and a firm declaration of servitude to Allah. Its abandonment leads to spiritual decay, while its observance guarantees success in both worlds.
﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ هُمْ فِى صَلَاتِهِمْ خَـٰشِعُونَ﴾
“Successful indeed are the believers—those who are humble in their prayers.”
— (Surah al-Mu’minūn 23:1–2)
3. Zakah (زَكاة) – Almsgiving
Definition and Meaning
Zakah (زكاة) is an Arabic word that linguistically means purity, growth, and increase. In Islamic terminology, it refers to the obligatory almsgiving prescribed by Allah upon Muslims who meet certain conditions of wealth. It is the third pillar of Islam, following Shahadah and Salah.
Zakah is not merely charity; rather, it is a divinely mandated right of the poor in the wealth of the rich. It aims to purify wealth and soul, help those in need, and ensure social and economic balance in society.
Religious Status of Zakah
Zakah is Fard (obligatory) upon every adult, sane, free Muslim who possesses wealth above a specified threshold (called Nisab) for one lunar year.
Qur’anic Evidence:
وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ
“And establish prayer and give zakah.”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:43)
خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا
“Take [O Muhammad] from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase…”
— Surah At-Tawbah (9:103)
Hadith Evidence:
بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ… وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ
“Islam is built upon five [pillars]… and giving Zakah.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari & Muslim
Purpose and Wisdom of Zakah
Spiritual Purification: It purifies the heart from greed and selfishness.
Social Welfare: It supports the poor, needy, and vulnerable segments of society.
Economic Justice: Zakah reduces inequality and ensures wealth circulation.
Gratitude to Allah: Recognizing Allah as the true owner of wealth.
Conditions for Zakah to Be Obligatory
Islam: Only Muslims are required to pay zakah.
Freedom: Slaves are not obligated.
Full Ownership: The wealth must be fully owned.
Nisab Threshold: Wealth must reach the minimum limit set by Shariah.
One Lunar Year: Wealth must remain above Nisab for a full Hijri year.
Nisab (Minimum Threshold):
Zakah becomes obligatory when a Muslim owns at least:
Gold: 7.5 tolas ≈ 87.48 grams
Silver: 52.5 tolas ≈ 612.36 grams
Or equivalent cash or assets
Zakah rate: 2.5% annually on wealth above the Nisab.
Recipients of Zakah
The Quran outlines eight eligible categories of Zakah recipients in Surah At-Tawbah (9:60):
إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ
“Zakah expenditures are only for the poor, the needy, those employed to collect [zakah], to attract hearts [towards Islam], for freeing captives, for those in debt, for the cause of Allah, and for the stranded traveler…”
— Surah At-Tawbah (9:60)
The 8 categories are:
The Poor (Fuqara’)
The Needy (Masakin)
Zakah collectors
New Muslims or those inclined to Islam
Slaves or captives
Debtors
In the path of Allah
Stranded travelers
Consequences of Not Paying Zakah
Neglecting zakah is a serious sin with severe consequences in the Hereafter.
Qur’an:
وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
“And those who hoard gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah — give them tidings of a painful punishment.”
— Surah At-Tawbah (9:34)
Hadith:
“Any owner of gold or silver who does not pay what is due on it, it will be heated in the Fire of Hell and made into plates to be burned with on his side, forehead, and back…”
— Sahih Muslim
Conclusion
Zakah is a cornerstone of the Islamic economic system. It fosters compassion, mutual support, and social justice. Beyond its economic dimensions, it is a spiritual obligation that reflects a believer’s submission to Allah and concern for humanity. A just and prosperous society is only possible when Muslims fulfill this divine duty sincerely and systematically.
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4. Sawm (صَوم) – Fasting in Ramadan
Definition and Meaning
Sawm (Arabic: صَوم) literally means “to abstain” — from food, drink, speech, and action. In Islamic terminology, it refers to abstaining from eating, drinking, sexual relations, and other invalidators of the fast, from dawn (Fajr) until sunset (Maghrib), with the intention of worshipping Allah.
Fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam, and its observance during the month of Ramadan is fardh (obligatory) upon all adult, sane, and able Muslims.
Qur’anic Evidence
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
“O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may attain Taqwa (piety).”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183)
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِّنَ الْهُدَىٰ وَالْفُرْقَانِ…
“The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur’an — a guidance for mankind and clear proofs of the guidance and the criterion…”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:185)
Hadith Evidence
بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ… وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ
“Islam is built upon five [pillars]… and fasting in Ramadan.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari & Muslim
The Prophet ﷺ said:
مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ
“Whoever fasts during Ramadan with faith and seeking reward [from Allah], all his past sins will be forgiven.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari
Purpose and Wisdom of Fasting
Attainment of Taqwa (God-consciousness)
The ultimate aim is to increase one’s mindfulness of Allah and gain spiritual discipline.Self-restraint and Patience
It trains the believer to control desires, habits, and impulses.Solidarity with the Poor
Experiencing hunger fosters empathy and encourages generosity.Gratitude
Appreciating Allah’s blessings by voluntarily abstaining from them.Moral Purification
Fasting is not just physical but also ethical — avoiding lies, anger, and foul behavior.
وَالصِّيَامُ جُنَّةٌ
“Fasting is a shield.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari
Who Must Fast?
Fasting in Ramadan is obligatory on every:
Adult (reached puberty)
Sane (not mentally ill)
Resident (not traveling)
Healthy (not ill or physically unable)
Exemptions from Fasting
Islam allows exemptions with either make-up fasting (qada’) or fidya (feeding the poor):
| Condition | Ruling |
|---|---|
| Illness | Exempt, make up later |
| Travel | Exempt, make up later |
| Pregnancy/Breastfeeding | Exempt, depending on health |
| Elderly (permanently unable) | Pay fidya per missed fast |
فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ
“…Then [make up] a number of days later.”
— Surah Al-Baqarah (2:184)
What Invalidates the Fast
Eating or drinking intentionally
Sexual intercourse during fasting hours
Menstruation or post-natal bleeding
Intentional vomiting (according to many scholars)
Apostasy (leaving Islam)
Unintentional acts (e.g., eating by mistake) do not break the fast.
إِنَّمَا الأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ
“Actions are judged by intentions.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari
Spiritual Rewards of Fasting
Fasting is a unique form of worship for which Allah alone grants special reward:
كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ لَهُ إِلَّا الصِّيَامَ، فَإِنَّهُ لِي وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ
“Every act of the son of Adam is for him, except fasting; it is for Me and I shall reward it.”
— Sahih Muslim
لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ…
“The fasting person has two joys: one when he breaks his fast, and the other when he meets his Lord.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari
Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr)
The last 10 nights of Ramadan include the Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree), better than a thousand months.
لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ
“The Night of Power is better than a thousand months.”
— Surah Al-Qadr (97:3)
Fasting, prayer, and worship during this night earn unmatched rewards.
Conclusion
Sawm in Ramadan is not only a physical act of abstaining from food and drink but a spiritual journey of purification, discipline, and closeness to Allah. It cultivates Taqwa, compassion, and gratitude, fostering both personal development and communal solidarity.
Fasting is a test of faith and endurance — and a means of attaining forgiveness, reward, and paradise.
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5. Ḥajj (حَجّ) – Pilgrimage to Mecca
🔶 Introduction
Ḥajj is the fifth pillar of Islam and a once-in-a-lifetime obligation for every adult Muslim who has the physical and financial means to perform it. It is an act of devotion combining physical effort, financial sacrifice, and deep spiritual symbolism. It commemorates the legacy of Prophet Ibrāhīm (عليه السلام), his wife Hājar, and their son Ismāʿīl, whose lives were marked by absolute submission to Allah.
﴿وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالًا وَعَلَىٰ كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ يَأْتِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ﴾
“And proclaim the Ḥajj to the people; they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every distant pass.”
— (Surah al-Ḥajj 22:27)
🔶 Definition of Ḥajj
Linguistically (لغتاً):
The word Ḥajj (حَجّ) means “to intend” or “to head toward a place of great importance.”
Technically (اصطلاحاً):
“الذهاب إلى بيت الله الحرام لأداء مناسك مخصوصة في وقت مخصوص بنية العبادة.”
“The journey to the sacred House of Allah for the performance of specific rites during a specific time, with the intention of worship.”
🔶 Obligation and Virtue of Ḥajj
Ḥajj is obligatory once in a lifetime upon every sane, adult Muslim who is financially and physically capable.
﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ ٱسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ﴾
“And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House – for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves – then indeed, Allah is free from need of the worlds.”
— (Surah Āli ‘Imrān 3:97)
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “بُنِيَ الإسلامُ على خمسٍ: شهادةِ أن لا إلهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ، وإقامِ الصلاةِ، وإيتاءِ الزكاةِ، وصومِ رمضانَ، وحجِّ البيتِ لمن استطاعَ إليه سبيلًا.”
“Islam is built upon five pillars: the testimony of faith, establishing prayer, paying zakāh, fasting Ramadan, and performing ḥajj to the House (Kaʿbah) for those who are able.”
— (Bukhārī & Muslim)
🔶 Types of Ḥajj
There are three types of Ḥajj:
Ḥajj al-Tamattuʿ (تمتع):
Performing ʿUmrah first during the months of Ḥajj, then Ḥajj with a new intention.Ḥajj al-Qirān (قران):
Combining ʿUmrah and Ḥajj with a single ihrām.Ḥajj al-Ifrād (إفراد):
Performing only Ḥajj without ʿUmrah.
All three are valid, but Tamattuʿ is most preferred for non-residents of Mecca.
🔶 Major Rituals of Ḥajj
Performed between 8th to 13th Dhū al-Ḥijjah, the main rites include:
| Day | Rituals |
|---|---|
| 8 Dhū al-Ḥijjah (Yawm al-Tarwiyah) | Entering ihrām, proceeding to Minā, praying Ẓuhr, ʿAṣr, Maghrib, ʿIshāʾ and Fajr |
| 9 Dhū al-Ḥijjah (Yawm ʿArafah) | Standing at ʿArafāt (Wuquf), the heart of Ḥajj |
| 10 Dhū al-Ḥijjah (Yawm al-Naḥr) | Muzdalifah prayer, Ramy al-Jamarāt, slaughtering sacrifice, head shaving, Ṭawāf al-Ifāḍah |
| 11–13 Dhū al-Ḥijjah (Ayyām al-Tashrīq) | Throwing Jamarāt, Ṭawāf al-Wadāʿ before leaving Mecca |
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “الحجُّ عرفةُ.”
“Ḥajj is [the day of] ʿArafah.”
— (Tirmidhī: 889)
﴿ثُمَّ لْيَقْضُوا۟ تَفَثَهُمْ وَلْيُوفُوا۟ نُذُورَهُمْ وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا۟ بِٱلْبَيْتِ ٱلْعَتِيقِ﴾
“Then let them end their untidiness and fulfill their vows and perform Ṭawāf around the ancient House.”
— (Surah al-Ḥajj 22:29)
🔶 Spiritual Benefits of Ḥajj
Forgiveness of all past sins:
قال رسول الله ﷺ: “من حج هذا البيت فلم يرفث ولم يفسق، رجع كما ولدته أمه.”
“Whoever performs Ḥajj without obscenity or sin will return like the day his mother gave birth to him.”
— (Bukhārī: 1521)
Unity of the Muslim Ummah:
Muslims of every background, race, and language gather, dressed alike, worshipping one God.Physical and spiritual discipline:
Endurance, patience, remembrance of Allah, sacrifice, and love of the Prophet’s Sunnah are all embodied in Ḥajj.Connection to Prophet Ibrāhīm (عليه السلام):
Ḥajj follows his legacy — the building of the Kaʿbah, the sacrifice, and the test of trust in Allah.
🔶 Conditions (Shurūṭ) of Obligatory Ḥajj
Islām – Only Muslims are eligible.
Sanity (ʿAql) – Insane persons are not obliged.
Adulthood (Bulūgh) – Children may perform it, but it does not suffice for the obligatory Ḥajj.
Freedom – In classical jurisprudence, slaves were exempt.
Financial and physical ability
Travel expenses
Accommodation and safety
Provision for family at home
﴿مَنِ ٱسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾
“…For whoever is able to find thereto a way…”
🔶 Prohibited Acts During Ihrām
Cutting hair or nails
Applying perfume
Marital relations
Hunting land animals
Wearing stitched clothing (for men)
Covering the face (for women) or head (for men)
Violating any of these rules requires fidya (compensation).
﴿فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ ٱلْحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِى ٱلْحَجِّ﴾
“So whoever intends to perform Hajj therein, let there be no sexual relations, no disobedience, and no arguing during Hajj.”
— (Surah al-Baqarah 2:197)
🔶 Conclusion
Ḥajj is more than a physical journey — it is a spiritual transformation. It symbolizes the return to Allah, repentance, and submission. It revives the legacy of Prophet Ibrāhīm and fosters unity across the Muslim world. For those blessed to perform it, it is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to attain a new beginning in faith and life.
قال النبي ﷺ: “الْحُجَّاجُ وَالْعُمَّارُ وَفْدُ اللَّهِ، دَعَاهُمْ فَأَجَابُوهُ، وَسَأَلُوهُ فَأَعْطَاهُمْ.”
“The pilgrims and those performing ʿUmrah are the guests of Allah; He called them and they responded, they ask of Him and He gives to them.”
— (Ibn Mājah: 2892)
Understanding Īmān in the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah
(With Authentic Arabic Evidences)
🔶 Introduction
Īmān (faith) is the foundation of Islam. It is a dynamic concept rooted in the heart, expressed by the tongue, and proven by action. Understanding Īmān correctly requires direct reference to the Qur’an and Sunnah, which define its reality, levels, and implications for life and the Hereafter.
🔹 1. Definition of Īmān – Linguistic and Technical
◼ Linguistic Meaning:
Derived from the root أمن (A-M-N), Īmān means to affirm, secure, and trust.
الإيمان: التصديق بالقلب والإقرار باللسان والعمل بالجوارح.
(Faith is: affirmation by the heart, declaration by the tongue, and action by the limbs.)
◼ Qur’anic Evidence:
﴿ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ﴾
(“Successful indeed are the believers…”) — Surah al-Mu’minūn 23:1
﴿ إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ ﴾
(“The believers are only those whose hearts tremble when Allah is mentioned…”) — Surah al-Anfāl 8:2
🔹 2. The Six Pillars of Īmān
Based on Ḥadīth Jibrīl, the six pillars are:
📘 حديث:
“أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ، وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ، وَكُتُبِهِ، وَرُسُلِهِ، وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ، وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ”
(“To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and Divine Decree — both its good and bad.”)
— Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 8
◼ Qur’anic Evidences:
Belief in Allah (الإيمان بالله):
﴿ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ﴾
(“So believe in Allah and His Messenger…”) — Surah al-Ḥadīd 57:7Belief in Angels (الملائكة):
﴿ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ ﴾
(“All believe in Allah, His angels…”) — Surah al-Baqarah 2:285Belief in Divine Books (الكتب):
﴿ قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا ﴾
(“Say, We believe in Allah and in what was revealed to us…”) — Surah al-Baqarah 2:136Belief in Messengers (الرسل):
﴿ آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِن رَّبِّهِ ﴾
(“The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord…”) — Surah al-Baqarah 2:285Belief in the Last Day (اليوم الآخر):
﴿ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ ﴾
(“And they have firm faith in the Hereafter.”) — Surah al-Baqarah 2:4Belief in Divine Decree (القدر):
﴿ إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ ﴾
(“Indeed, We have created everything according to a measure.”) — Surah al-Qamar 54:49
🔹 3. Īmān Increases and Decreases
◼ Qur’an:
﴿ لِيَزْدَادُوا إِيمَانًا مَّعَ إِيمَانِهِمْ ﴾
(“That they may increase in faith, along with their (present) faith…”) — Surah al-Fatḥ 48:4
◼ Hadith:
“الإِيمَانُ بِضْعٌ وَسَبْعُونَ شُعْبَةً، أَعْلَاهَا قَوْلُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وَأَدْنَاهَا إِمَاطَةُ الأَذَى عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ”
(“Faith has over seventy branches. The highest is ‘Lā ilāha illa Allah’, and the lowest is removing something harmful from the road.”)
— Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 35
🔹 4. Levels of Faith (Islam, Īmān, Iḥsān)
📘 Hadith Jibrīl (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim):
“الإِحْسَانُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ”
(“Iḥsān is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if not, then He surely sees you.”)
🔹 5. False Īmān – Hypocrisy vs. True Belief
◼ Qur’an:
﴿ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالُوا نَشْهَدُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُهُ ۙ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَكَاذِبُونَ ﴾
(“When the hypocrites come to you, they say: ‘We bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah.’ Allah knows that you are His Messenger, and Allah bears witness that the hypocrites are liars.”) — Surah al-Munāfiqūn 63:1
◼ Hadith:
“آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلاثٌ: إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَانَ”
(“The signs of a hypocrite are three: when he speaks, he lies; when he promises, he breaks it; and when he is trusted, he betrays the trust.”)
— Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 33
🔹 6. Effects and Virtues of Īmān
◼ Qur’an:
﴿ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا ﴾
(“Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds will have Gardens of Paradise as their dwelling.”) — Surah al-Kahf 18:107
﴿ مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَاةً طَيِّبَةً ﴾
(“Whoever does righteous deeds, male or female, while being a believer — We will surely grant them a good life.”) — Surah al-Naḥl 16:97
🔶 Conclusion
Īmān in Islam is not merely theoretical belief, but a deeply rooted conviction that manifests in words, deeds, and spiritual consciousness. It is nurtured through obedience, knowledge, remembrance, and sincere action. The Qur’an and Sunnah offer a holistic framework for developing true faith that prepares the believer for success in this life and the Hereafter.
🔹 References
Al-Qur’an al-Karīm
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim
Ibn Taymiyyah – Kitāb al-Īmān
Sharḥ al-‘Aqīdah al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah
al-Mufradāt – Rāghib al-Asfahānī